Differential Regulation of NHE3 Expression in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Intestine: Impaired Endosomal Regulation of NHE3 Expression in Type 1 Diabetes.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent gastrointestinal complication in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the underlying mechanisms differ: T1D is linked to autonomic neuropathy and disrupted transporter regulation, while T2D is often linked to medications and intestinal inflammation. Using streptozotocin-induced mouse models of T1D and T2D, we observed increased luminal fluid in the small intestine of both. Given the role of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in fluid absorption and its loss in most diarrheal diseases, we examined NHE3 expression across intestinal segments.

Melioristic Gerontology: Using Pragmatism to Reframe the Study of Aging.

Aging populations in places around the globe face looming challenges from large-scale mega-trends. Gerontology needs to develop approaches for helping older people and their communities respond and share knowledge from those approaches. Based in the philosophy of pragmatism, we make a case for a 'melioristic gerontology' to focus gerontologists on those needs.

Outcomes of no-touch vs conventionally harvested saphenous veins for coronary artery bypass surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objectives: The no-touch (NT) technique for saphenous vein (SV) harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery preserves perivascular tissue and has been proposed to improve vein graft patency compared to conventional (CON) harvesting. However, recent large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have reported conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis of all available RCTs comparing graft patency and clinical outcomes between NT-SV and CON-SV harvesting techniques.

Volunteering With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for Subsequent Cognitive Changes.

Background And Objectives: Volunteering has cognitive benefits in later life and has been theorized to protect against Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). A small but growing body of volunteer programs target people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-who are presumably at elevated risk for ADRD, but we know surprisingly little about who volunteers with MCI and how volunteering affects their subsequent cognitive changes. The current study sought to address these gaps.

Exploring the Unmet Needs of Latino Dementia Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

Background And Objectives: Over 12% of older Latinos in the United States have Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), facing earlier onset of the disease and severe symptoms compared to non-Hispanic Whites. These disparities in ADRD among Latinos can lead to significant caregiver strain and burden in Latino ADRD caregivers. Notably, Latino ADRD caregivers have poor overall health outcomes and face systemic inequities including limited access to quality dementia care resources that impact their well-being significantly.

Extended urinary opiate detection following ad libitum ingestion of poppy seed pastry.

The interpretation of urine drug test results is complicated by the potential for poppy seed ingestion to yield opiate concentrations above standard cutoffs. U.S.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Heart Failure in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with incident heart failure (HF) in older adults, but empirical evidence is scant.

Methods: We included 5,217 participants free of clinical HF and with a smell assessment in 2011-2013 from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Olfaction was measured by the 12-item Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test and defined as good (score 11-12), moderate (9-10), or poor (≤8).

Utility of GERAADA score for predicting long-term survival following surgical repair of aortic dissection.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the long-term survival following surgical repair because of type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and the correlation with the preoperative GERAADA-score value.

Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent emergent aortic surgery because of ATAAD from 2010 to 2022 from 9 hospitals. Follow-up information was obtained by matching the clinical patient data with a national administrative database.

Are the Clinical Outcomes of Lumbar Stenosis in Achondroplasia Associated With the Severity of Stenosis and Sagittal Balance?

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is common in adults with achondroplasia and predisposes individuals to neurogenic claudication. It remains unverified whether the severity of stenosis in patients with achondroplasia is associated with clinical outcomes. Similarly, the role of sagittal balance parameters in clinical outcomes has not been determined.

Desensitized to Trauma: The Jackson Water Crisis, Environmental Injustice, and Implications for Public Health Social Work.

In 2021, Jackson, Mississippi, received national attention after a winter storm caused the failure of operations at the city's largest water treatment facility. Years of neglect to a crumbling infrastructure triggered the Jackson water crisis, leaving residents without clean and reliable access to water. Predating any one administration, Black and low-income residents had long raised concerns about excessive water bills, broken water mains, poor water quality, and deterioration of the city's water system.

Challenges in the return of molecular tumor profiling results.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed cancer care by providing essential insights for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. However, variability in testing timing, reporting practices, and interpretation challenges limits its clinical impact. This manuscript highlights key opportunities to optimize somatic reporting, emphasizing the importance of timely testing throughout the cancer care continuum to maximize the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of findings.

The Impact of a Nationwide Blood Culture Bottle Shortage in 2024 on Healthcare Facilities in the United States.

Background: A shortage of BD BACTECTM blood culture bottles occurred in 2024. We describe the clinical impact of that shortage.

Methods: We conducted a National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) questionnaire and retrospective cohort study using inpatient hospitalization data from the Premier Healthcare Database.

Gaps in care across the cancer screening continuum for cervical, colorectal and lung cancer.

Background: While screening for cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers reduce cancer-specific mortality, the full benefits of screening are only realized when coupled with timely care across the subsequent "screening continuum" steps, including surveillance (results warranting frequent monitoring), diagnostic evaluation (results that require additional testing), and treatment (detected cancers). Our goal was to describe the proportion of individuals receiving timely cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer care at each step in the screening continuum.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the 10 health care settings that participate in the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR II) consortium and included individuals who were eligible for a step along the cancer screening continuum in 2018.

Racial/ethnic differences in the association of lifestyle factors with biological aging in NHANES, 1999-2018.

Racial and ethnic disparities in healthy aging represent an emerging public health crisis that will only grow worse as our population grows older. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are proposed as a key strategy to promote healthy aging. However, the potential of lifestyle interventions to address aging health disparities is uncertain.

Off-the-Shelf Large Language Models for Guiding Pharmacoepidemiological Study Design.

This study aimed to assess the ability of two off-the-shelf large language models, ChatGPT and Gemini, to support the design of pharmacoepidemiological studies. We assessed 48 study protocols of pharmacoepidemiological studies published between 2018 and 2024, covering various study types, including disease epidemiology, drug utilization, safety, and effectiveness. The coherence (i.

Combining Therapeutic Strategies to Treat the Injured Spinal Cord: A Translational Perspective.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an array of debilitating, sometimes permanent-and at times life-threatening-motor, sensory, and autonomic deficits. A broad range of therapies have been tested pre-clinically, and there has been a significant acceleration in recent years of clinical translation of potential treatments. However, it is widely appreciated among scientists and clinical professionals alike that there likely is no "silver bullet" (single treatment) that will result in complete functional restoration after SCI.

Influence of Carrier Oil, Sex, and Age on Pharmacokinetic and Acute Behavioral Effects of Vaporized Cannabis Extract in Mice.

The legalization of cannabis in several states across the United States has increased the need to better understand its effects on the body, brain, and behavior, particularly in different populations. Previous rodent studies have revealed age and sex differences in response to injected Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of THC administered through more translationally relevant routes of administration are less well known.

Process Rounds to Elevate Psychological Skills in Palliative Care.

A half-day workshop improved palliative care clinicians' ability to integrate psychological concepts into serious illness communication but created demand for longitudinal learning. To pilot "Process Rounds," a four-session, case-based, adapted psychotherapeutic supervision group reinforcing formulation, countertransference, and mindful intervention. Workshop graduates from four cohorts were invited; 25/143 enrolled.

Risk of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease following Aldosterone Dysregulation.

Background: Excess aldosterone of > 15ng/dL, in the presence of low renin, is linked to hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the association of aldosterone dysregulation at lower plasma aldosterone levels (≥5ng/dL) with the risk of uncontrolled HTN and CKD prevalence.

Methods: Patient plasma aldosterone measurements obtained during 2013-2023 were identified in the TriNetX Dataworks-USA Network of electronic medical records.

Is Training Alone Enough? A Comparison of Serious Illness Communication Training With and Without Implementation Strategies.

Communication skills training alone has shown limited impact on improving the frequency and quality of serious illness conversations (SICs). Implementing structured support strategies may enhance both adoption and sustained use in clinical practice. Retrospective review of the impact of Serious Illness Care Program (SICP) training and implementation in outpatient and inpatient settings at a single academic center.

Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Pathology Following a Sleeve Gastrectomy.

The rising prevalence of obesity in the United States is paralleled by an increase in type II diabetes (T2D) and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease. While lifestyle changes often do not afford sustainable weight loss, bariatric surgery, particularly sleeve gastrectomy (SG), offers a durable solution. This study investigates long-term outcomes in Veterans who underwent SG with concurrent liver biopsy.

Evaluating the Clinical Reasoning of Generative AI in Palliative Care: A Comparison with Five Years of Pharmacy Learners.

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), offers the potential to augment clinical decision-making, including in palliative care pharmacy, where personalized treatment and assessments are important. Despite the growing interest in AI, its role in clinical reasoning within specialized fields such as palliative care remains uncertain. This study examines the performance of four commercial-grade LLMs on a Script Concordance Test (SCT) designed for pharmacy students in a pain and palliative care elective, comparing AI outputs with human learners' performance at baseline.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Intentionally Interprofessional Collaboration.

Although high-quality and holistic specialty palliative care is delivered by an interprofessional team, little guidance is available to optimize approaches to and sustainment of such teamwork. This article supports individuals to practice at the top of their education, clinical training, and scope of practice while maximizing the functionality of the palliative care team as a whole. We intentionally use the term rather than to clarify that we are focused on collaboration of team members who represent multiple professions or occupations that require specialized training and meet ethical standards (e.