Hypoglossal Neuropathy in the Pathogenesis of Fibrosis-Related Late-Radiation Associated Dysphagia: A Correlative Analysis Utilizing Electromyography to Explore the Frequency of Clinical and Subclinical Neuropathy in a Pilot Dysphagia Trial.

Background: Late radiation-associated dysphagia (late-RAD) commonly presents in patients with signs of hypoglossal neuropathy, with hallmark clinical features including lingual atrophy, deviation, and fasciculation. Gold-standard electromyography (EMG) has not been used to explore the frequency of hypoglossal neuropathy in patients with late-RAD.

Methods: Exploratory post hoc secondary analysis of MANTLE trial (NCT03612531) was completed.

Comparative Accuracy of 18-Gauge versus 20-Gauge Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in the Detection of Persistent Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Chemoradiation.

Background And Purpose: Viable malignant disease is uncommon in patients with persistent adenopathy after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head & neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (USFNA) can prevent unnecessary neck dissection. Post-radiation fibrosis can complicate the approach, resulting in an inadequate aspirate volume when using standard 20 or 22-gauge needles.

Exploring TROP2 expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Association with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment composition.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) presents prognostic and therapeutic challenges. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in oncogenic signaling pathways and has been explored as a therapeutic target in many solid tumors. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of TROP2 expression in OPSCC and explore its association with the tumor immune microenvironment composition.

SOX11 Modulates BCR Signaling Through the PAX5/CD19 Axis for Therapeutic Targeting in BTK Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite multiple approved Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi), resistance to BTKi continues to pose a major clinical challenge. The transcription factor SOX11 is expressed in most MCL patients and is associated with poor outcomes.

Pirtobrutinib, a Highly Selective, Non-covalent (Reversible) BTKi in R/R Follicular Lymphoma: Phase 1/2 BRUIN Study.

Relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) is a chronic disease often requiring multiple lines of therapy. Covalent (c) Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) monotherapy has resulted in variable response rates, yet patients invariably experience relapse. While newer therapies such as bispecific antibodies and CAR T cell therapy are available, patient access and eligibility remain challenging.

Adaptive Bayesian Clinical Trials: The Past, Present, and Future of Clinical Research.

Decision-analytic Bayesian approaches are ideally suited for designing clinical trials. They have been used increasingly over the last 30 years in developing medical devices and drugs. A prototype trial is a bandit problem in which treating participants is as important as treating patients in clinical practice after the trial.

Optical Genome Mapping in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Clinical Value and Limitations Derived from a Cohort of 236 Patients.

Identification of cytogenetic abnormalities is critical for the classification and risk stratification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Optical genome mapping (OGM) is an emerging cytogenomic platform that enables high-resolution genome-wide cytogenetic analysis. We analyzed bone marrow specimens of 236 MDS patients, 149 newly diagnosed and 87 with relapsed/refractory disease, using OGM, conventional karyotyping and next-generation sequencing analysis.

Musculoskeletal Myeloid Sarcoma: Clinical, Imaging, Management, and Outcomes in 41 Adult Patients.

Objective: To analyze symptoms, imaging features, management, and outcomes of musculoskeletal myeloid sarcoma in adult leukemic patients.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of clinical symptoms, imaging features, management, and outcomes in 41 adult leukemic patients with biopsy-proven myeloid sarcomas of bones and muscles.

Results: Nineteen patients had acute, and 15 had chronic myeloid leukemia.

A data assimilation framework for predicting the spatiotemporal response of high-grade gliomas to chemoradiation.

Background: High-grade gliomas are highly invasive and respond variably to chemoradiation. Accurate, patient-specific predictions of tumor response could enhance treatment planning. We present a novel computational platform that assimilates MRI data to continually predict spatiotemporal tumor changes during chemoradiotherapy.

Real-world outcomes of brexucabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma: a CIBMTR analysis.

Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) is a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (r/r MCL). Here, we report real-world effectiveness and safety outcomes of brexu-cel in a prospective study of patients with r/r MCL, including subgroups based on prior treatment with Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, bendamustine, or autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (auto-HCT) and number of prior therapy lines, using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry data. A total of 476 patients with r/r MCL who received brexu-cel between July 2020 and December 2022 were included in the analysis.

YX0798 Is a Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Effective CDK9 Inhibitor for Treating Aggressive Lymphoma.

Non-genetic transcription evolution has been increasingly explored and recognized to drive tumor cell progression and therapeutic resistance. As the regulation hub of transcription machinery, cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is the gatekeeper of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription, and CDK9 dysfunction results in transcriptomic reprogramming and tumor cell progression. We recently reported that the HSP90-MYC-CDK9 network drives therapeutic resistance in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) through transcriptomic reprogramming.

Chromosome 20q gene signature associated with colorectal cancer progression.

Amplification of human chromosome 20q has been reported as the most frequently recurring genetic abnormality associated with large scale changes in mRNA and protein levels in sporadic colorectal carcinomas. While some studies have found 20q amplification to be consistent between primary and metastatic samples from the same patient with a role in the development of metastasis and worse patient prognosis, others have reported association with improved overall survival for a subset of these patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). To fine map the Minimal Common Regions (MCRs) of amplification on chromosome 20q and identify the candidate genes playing roles in progression of the disease, microarray comparative genomic hybridization analyses of two cultured CRC liver metastasis cell line model systems was utilized.

TROP2 Expression in Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) According to Histologic Subtype: Therapeutic Implications.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a common salivary gland carcinoma with high recurrence and distant metastasis rates. Currently, there is no standard systemic treatment available. TROP2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the oncogenesis of several tumors that can be therapeutically targeted by a TROP2-antibody-drug conjugate (ADC).

Restoring p53 wild-type conformation in TP53-Y220C-mutant acute myeloid leukemia.

TP53-Y220C is a recurrent hotspot mutation in cancers and leukemias. It is observed predominantly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndromes among hematological malignancies and is associated with poor outcome. The mutation creates a structural pocket in the p53 protein.

Age- and sex-specific normative curves for intracranial and ventricular volumes from head CT scans.

This study aims to establish age- and sex-specific normative curves for intracranial (ICV) and lateral ventricular volumes (LVV) using computed tomography (CT), addressing a significant gap in the literature. A total of 2153 head CT scans were analyzed, using the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) to model the nonlinear relationship between age and volume of the brain structures, independently by sex. Model quality was evaluated through chi-square adherence test and residual analysis.

Proton beam therapy for a patient with prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor that is more common in children and rarely occurs in adults. Its prognosis mainly depends on the tumor stage and genetic type. In the past few decades, the survival rate of rhabdomyosarcoma has been significantly improved.

Cutaneous Tuberculosis (CTB) Identified on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

As Cutaneous Tuberculosis (CTB) comprises only a small percentage of extra-pulmonary cases, it is often a challenging diagnosis for dermatologists. The multitude of clinical manifestations with lesions mimicking other conditions is further compounded by ambiguous histological and immunohistochemistry findings. This case of a 69-year-old man with an extensive medical history who presented with unusual cutaneous lesions unresponsive to treatment and negative initial histological examination, demonstrated these challenges.

Pelvic Ring Reconstruction with Vascularized Bone Flaps Reduces Compensatory Scoliosis After External Hemipelvectomy.

Background: External hemipelvectomy (EH) is a complex amputation that removes the hemipelvis and leg, most commonly performed to resect a locally advanced pelvic malignancy. This destabilizes the spinopelvic anatomy and may result in a compensatory scoliosis (CS) to maintain an upright posture. We hypothesized pelvic ring reconstruction with vascularized bone (VB) will reduce CS and improve functional outcomes.

Predictive Digital Twins with Quantified Uncertainty for Patient-Specific Decision Making in Oncology.

Quantifying the uncertainty in predictive models is critical for establishing trust and enabling risk-informed decision making for personalized medicine. In contrast to one-size-fits-all approaches that seek to mitigate risk at the population level, digital twins enable personalized modeling thereby potentially improving individual patient outcomes. Realizing digital twins in biomedicine requires scalable and efficient methods to integrate patient data with mechanistic models of disease progression.

Updates on utility of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer.

Accurate diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma is essential for effective clinical management. Immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role in confirming or excluding a breast origin. In this review, we discuss both traditional and newly identified breast cancer markers, with a particular focus on studies related to TRPS1, and share our experience in applying this marker.

International Consensus Guideline on Delineation of the Clinical Target Volumes at Different Dose Levels for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2024 Version).

Purpose: Radiation therapy planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most challenging tasks for radiation oncologists due to the notoriously narrow therapeutic margin. The first International Guideline (IG-2018 Version) has served as a practical guide for contouring clinical target volumes (CTVs). With increasing data on locoregional extension patterns and outcomes from studies on optimizing CTV and doses, an updated International Guideline is pressingly needed to provide a reference for enhancing precision.

Personalizing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens for triple-negative breast cancer using a biology-based digital twin.

Despite advances triple negative breast cancer treatment, ~50% of patients will not achieve a pathological complete response prior to surgery with standard of care neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We hypothesize that personalized regimens for NAT could significantly improve patient outcomes, which we address with a patient-specific digital twin framework. This framework is established by calibrating a biology-based model to longitudinal magnetic resonance images with approximate Bayesian computation.

SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Transplant in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

The landscape of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment is rapidly evolving, with new therapies challenging traditional treatment paradigms. While allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains essential for many high-risk patients, advances in measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring and the increasing use of immunotherapies in earlier treatment lines have reshaped transplant decision-making. Improvements in donor availability, conditioning strategies, and post-transplant care have expanded access and improved survival, yet relapse and toxicity remain major challenges.