Improved injury detection through harmonizing multi-site neuroimaging data after experimental TBI: a Translational Outcomes Project in Neurotrauma consortium study.

Multi-site neuroimaging studies have become increasingly common in order to generate larger samples of reproducible data to answer questions associated with smaller effect sizes. The data harmonization model NeuroCombat has been shown to remove site effects introduced by differences in site-related technical variance while maintaining group differences, yet its effect on improving statistical power in pre-clinical models of CNS disease is unclear. The present study examined fractional anisotropy data computed from diffusion weighted imaging data at 3 and 30 days post-controlled cortical impact injury from 184 adult rats across four sites as part of the Translational-Outcome-Project-in-Neurotrauma (TOP-NT) Consortium.

Ten-year trends in opioid prescribing and vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease: a population-based national cohort study (2011-2022).

Background: Patterns of opioid prescribing and vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) are poorly characterized among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) across diverse insurance types and age groups. We aimed to evaluate opioid prescribing and VOC trends in publicly and commercially insured individuals with SCD over a 10-year time period in the United States (US).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of US administrative claims (2011-2022), analyzing 45,726 commercial and Medicaid beneficiaries with SCD.

Probability of Intervention Benefit in the Early Start Denver Model.

Early intervention has the potential to improve the outcomes of children with autism. As more evidence-based early intervention approaches become available, data generated from studies testing their efficacy provide the unique opportunity to examine whether specific interventions differentially benefit children based on their demographic and behavioral characteristics. In this study, we retrospectively applied a probability-of-intervention-benefit framework to data from a randomized controlled trial comparing the outcomes of children with autism receiving community intervention as usual to those receiving the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) delivered by university-based clinicians.

A Novel Home-Based, Combined Occipital and Trigeminal Afferent Stimulation Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: Efficacy and Safety Results from a Double-Blind Multicenter Randomized Sham-Controlled Study.

Objective: Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who fail to achieve satisfactory benefits with existing antidepressants have limited treatment options. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a novel non-invasive brain neuromodulation therapy which delivers external Combined Occipital and Trigeminal Afferent Stimulation (eCOT-AS) as a therapeutic option for MDD.

Methods: 124 adults with MDD who failed to respond to antidepressants and with a baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS21) score ≥20 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicenter study of self-administered daily (30-40 min) active or sham eCOT-AS (n=62 per arm) for eight weeks.

Whole genome sequence-based association analysis of African American individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

In studies of individuals of primarily European genetic ancestry, common and low- frequency variants and rare coding variants have been found to be associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, less is known for individuals of other genetic ancestries or the role of rare non-coding variants in BD and SZ risk. We performed whole genome sequencing (∼27X) of African American individuals: 1,598 with BD, 3,295 with SZ, and 2,651 unaffected controls (InPSYght study).

Inhalation of Electrophilic and Redox Active Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Increases Oxidative Potential in the Lung in an Acute Manner.

Electronic cigarettes (EC) are linked to pulmonary health effects involving oxidative stress, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Induction of oxidative stress is thought to be mediated by imbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is implicated in the onset of inflammation in a multitude of pathogenic and diseases conditions. EC aerosol components deposited in the lungs can induce ROS generation and form electrophilic protein adducts, thereby promoting prooxidative redox environments in the airways.

Neural networks of the mouse visceromotor cortex.

The medial prefrontal cortex (MPF) regulates autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress and coordinates goal-directed behaviours such as attention, decision-making and social interactions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to incomplete circuit-level MPF characterization. Here, using integrated neuroanatomical, physiological and behavioural approaches, we construct a comprehensive wiring diagram of the MPF, focused on the dorsal peduncular area (DP)-a poorly understood prefrontal area.

Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Feasibility study protocol.

Symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common, severe and highly impairing in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but often non-responsive to medication, leaving many with no good treatment. External trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a minimal risk, non-invasive neuromodulatory intervention that is FDA-cleared for ADHD. No formal trial, however, has tested TNS in children with known PAE.

Age-Related Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Brain and Behavior.

The effect of cannabis use on health is likely to depend on individual differences. In particular, there is a growing need to understand the impact of cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on brain and behavioral health across the lifespan. We conducted a narrative review summarizing the effects of cannabis and THC across three stages of life: , adolescence, and late adulthood.

Evaluating the muscularity-oriented eating test: Factor structure and psychometric properties among university athletes and across sexes.

Objective: The Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) was developed to measure muscularity-oriented eating pathology among young men; however, this construct is relevant across sexes and may be particularly applicable to athletes. Thus, this study sought to validate the MOET among male and female athletes and non-athletes.

Methods: Students (N = 2189) from three U.

Executive function predicts academic and social skills in autistic kindergartners based on a multimodal approach.

Background: Executive functions (EF) are cognitive processes that underlie goal-directed abilities and behaviors which have been found to be variable in autistic children. While EFs are well-established predictors of academic and social outcomes in neurotypical children, it is unclear if these same associations are true for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the relation between EF and academic and social skills in cognitively able, verbal kindergarteners with ASD, while using a multimeasurement approach to EF skills.

Baseline Clinical Characterization of Participants in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia Program.

Background: This paper focuses on the baseline clinical characterization of the participants in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (AMP SCZ) program. The AMP SCZ program is designed to investigate a wide array of clinical variables and biomarkers in a total of 2040 clinical high-risk (CHR) participants and 652 community control (CC) participants.

Methods: The dataset analyzed includes 1642 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and 519 CCs.

Sample Ascertainment and Recruitment Sources in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia Program.

Background: This paper presents the recruitment sources of clinical high-risk (CHR) and community controls (CC) from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (AMP SCZ) program, which aims to study various clinical variables and biomarkers in 2040 CHR and 652 CC participants.

Methods: A total of 1640 CHR and 514 CC had recruitment source data. The Positive Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States Harmonized with the SIPS was utilized to assess CHR criteria and severity of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs), and the Global Functioning: Social Scale was used for social functioning.

Characterizing Developmental and Behavioral Profiles in Developmental Synaptopathies to Inform Clinical Trial Endpoints.

The Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium is a multisite natural history network studying rare, neurogenetic syndromes associated with synaptic dysfunction and developmental delays. One aim of the Consortium is clinical trial readiness, including identifying clinical concepts and validating their measurement. We evaluated the scope and limitations of conventional cognitive and behavioral measurement strategies in 2-21-year-olds with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS; N = 98), Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC; N = 98), and PTEN Hamartoma Tumor syndrome (PHTS; N = 69).

Predictors and Moderators of Long-Term Outcome of Persons at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Methods and Preliminary Data.

Background And Hypothesis: Despite significant advances in our understanding of the clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis state, the longer-term outcomes (5+ years) and the trajectory of diagnoses, symptoms, and psychosocial function have been seldom investigated.

Objective: Here we describe the methods for "Predictors and Moderators of Long-Term Outcome of Persons at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis," an ongoing study that is being conducted across North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies sites that included n = 2184 past participants (1999-2018).

Study Design: The aims are to: (1) perform long-term assessments of individuals who previously met CHR criteria, (2) determine the 5+ year psychotic conversion rate and use previously collected longitudinal clinical, functional, neurocognitive, and biomarker data to predict longer term outcomes, and (3) investigate predictors of long-term clinical/functional outcome in CHR participants who did not convert to psychosis.

Elucidating interplay between myrcene and cannabinoid receptor 1 receptors to produce antinociception in mouse models of neuropathic pain.

The need for nonaddictive and effective treatments for chronic pain are at an all-time high. Historical precedence, and now clinical evidence, supports the use of cannabis for alleviating chronic pain. A plethora of research on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exists, yet cannabis is comprised of a multitude of constituents, some of which possess analgesic potential, that have not been systematically investigated, including the terpene myrcene.

Chronic pain selectively reduces the motivation to work for remifentanil but not food reward.

Currently, preclinical research has reported conflicting evidence as to whether chronic pain imparts resilience or vulnerability to opioid drug seeking. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic pain on the intravenous self-administration (IVSA) profile of the short-acting opioid analgesic remifentanil in a mouse model. Using a chronic constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain, 7 days after injury, male and female C57Bl/6J mice began remifentanil IVSA.

Large Language Models for Psychiatric Phenotype Extraction from Electronic Health Records.

The accurate detection of clinical phenotypes from electronic health records (EHRs) is pivotal for advancing large-scale genetic and longitudinal studies in psychiatry. Free-text clinical notes are an essential source of symptom-level information, particularly in psychiatry. However, the automated extraction of symptoms from clinical text remains challenging.

Associations between recreational cannabis legalization and cannabis use disorder treatment outcomes in California, 2010-2021.

Background: Despite extensive research on the broader effects of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL), limited attention has been given to its impact on cannabis use disorder (CUD) treatment outcomes. This study addresses this gap by analyzing CUD treatment outcomes, including 90-day treatment retention and successful discharge.

Methods: Data were collected from a dataset of all publicly funded cannabis use disorder treatment delivered in California between January 2010 and December 2021 ( = 192,580).

Artificial intelligence and natural language processing in modern clinical neuropsychology: A narrative review.

Objectives: Advances in natural language processing (NLP) promise to augment traditional neuropsychological assessment by transforming speech and text into objective digital biomarkers. This narrative review synthesizes NLP research, evaluates its incremental diagnostic value across neurodegenerative, neurological, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and posits recommendations for adoption in clinical neuropsychology.

Methods: A scoping search of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science retrieved 56 empirical studies applying NLP within neuropsychological contexts.

Challenges in Measuring Social Communication Changes in Verbally Fluent Autistic Individuals: Development of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change: Fluent 1 and Fluent 2 (BOSCC-F1/F2).

Purpose: The current study investigated the utility of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change-Fluent 1 and Fluent 2 (BOSCC-F1/F2) as a potential outcome measure of social communication change by analyzing the measure's psychometric properties and initial validity.

Methods: The BOSCC-F1/F2 coding scheme was applied to 245 caregiver-implemented administrations across 114 English speaking participants between the ages of 6 and 44 years. Participants had a documented diagnosis of autism, fluent speech, and were receiving behavioral intervention during the study period.

Comparative Effectiveness Research Trial for Antidepressant Incomplete and Nonresponders With Treatment Resistant Depression (ASCERTAIN-TRD): Effect of Aripiprazole or Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Augmentation Versus Switching to the Antidepressant Venlafaxine on Quality of Life.

This study compared the effects of augmenting antidepressants with aripiprazole or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus switching to venlafaxine XR/duloxetine on quality of life (QoL) among patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). In a predefined secondary analysis of a multisite, open-label, effectiveness trial, patients with TRD were randomly assigned to aripiprazole augmentation, rTMS augmentation, or switching to venlafaxine XR/duloxetine in a 1:1:1 ratio, and they were treated for 8 weeks. TRD was defined as an inadequate response to 2 or more antidepressant trials of adequate dose and duration, as defined by the Massachusetts General Hospital Antidepressant Treatment Response Questionnaire.