Randomized controlled trial of brief app-based gratitude and mindfulness interventions for parents of young children.

Parenting is associated with considerable stress. Brief, self-directed mindfulness and gratitude interventions via mobile app may mitigate the effects of stress on parents' mood and emotion regulation. The present study is a randomized controlled trial among parents of young children ( = 125) comparing the effect of a 2-week daily (10-min/day) app-based mindfulness intervention to a 2-week daily (10-min/day) app-based gratitude intervention to a 2-week daily (10-min/day) app-based food journaling attention control condition on parenting stress, positive and negative affect, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and gratitude reported immediately postintervention and 1-month later.

Predictive modeling for metastasis in oncology: current methods and future directions.

Predictive modeling for metastasis in oncology has gained significant traction due to its potential to improve prognosis, guide treatment strategies and enhance patient outcomes. Current methods leverage advancements in machine learning, genomics and imaging technologies to predict the likelihood of cancer spread. Techniques such as logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines and neural networks have been employed to analyze clinical, pathological, and molecular data.

Assessment of a combined handheld Raman spectroscopy and transportable mass spectrometry approach for the analysis of seized drug mixtures.

Growing backlogs and lengthy turnaround times for seized drug analysis are causing significant strain on the judicial system. One potential solution is to improve field screening through on-site detection methods using field-portable instrumentation to reduce the amount of evidence submissions to forensic laboratories. However, incorporating field-portable instrumentation into routine on-site detection requires empirical data to establish each instrument's capabilities, limitations, and performance characteristics.

Referral Network Increases Physicians' Adoption of Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study Using SEER-Medicare.

Physicians' referral networks influence the information they obtain from peers and how fast they adopt new treatment modality. This study employs a cross-sectional design. We examined how urologists' referral network connections via primary care physicians influence the adoption of active surveillance for localized prostate cancer, using SEER-Medicare data (2001-2015).

Baseline Data From the Anti-Human Trafficking Program in Texas: A Focus on Substance Use as a Critical Concern.

Objective: The goal of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics of sex-trafficked patients encountered through one of the few hospital-based anti-human trafficking specialty programs available nationally and assess how these characteristics relate to substance use.

Method: The sample involved 336 survivors of sex trafficking (mean age=32.39 y).

From Policy Reform to Public Reckoning: Exploring Shifts in the Reporting of Sexual-Violence-Against-Women Victimizations in the United States Between 1992 and 2021.

The current literature indicates that sexual violence against women (VAW) is chronically under-reported to law enforcement due to factors such as fear of retaliation, societal stigma, and practical obstacles. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) incident-level data, this study examines changes in the reporting patterns of sexual VAW from 1992 to 2021. This period of focus is notable for significant and, at times, unprecedented societal shifts and legislative reforms.

A novel screening workflow for nitazene analogs using LC-MS/MS precursor ion scan acquisition.

A persistent problem in the detection of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) is the inability of traditional screening methodologies to rapidly adapt to evolving drug trends. As such, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening methods have gained popularity in recent years for the ability to use non-targeted acquisition to detect a wide variety of compounds without necessarily returning to method development. However, these instruments may be unattainable for some forensic laboratories due to the associated high capital costs.

Empathy, Validation, and Branding: Testing the Theory of Empathetic Suffering.

Research shows narratives can evoke empathy, but studies on specific narrative features and cognitive mechanisms consistently eliciting empathy are needed. To address that need, the current study proposes and tests a which postulates that the depiction of character distress influences attitudes and intentions via two mechanisms: empathy and validation. Two experiments with U.

Interpreting DNA under fingernails given activity level propositions.

We have generated a general lookup table of LRs that could be used in the general case of a person of interest (POI) accused of attacking a complainant and the evidence is DNA from fingernails of the complainant. We consider that social interaction may have occurred between the complainant and the POI or others, comments from the complainant about scratching the attacker (or not), and visible scratches on the POI (or not). The LRs are generally small, ranging from a few thousand to less than one.

Artificial Intelligence in the Clinic: Creating Harmony or Just Adding Noise?

Although still limited, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has rapidly expanded in the past few years, especially in oncology clinics. In this article, AI refers to the development and implementation of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as language understanding, learning, and reasoning. AI technology is currently being used as (AI-driven systems that passively capture verbal interactions between patients and health care providers), (AI-enabled conversational agents designed to interact with patients by text or voice platforms), and as tools for inbox management and patient care delivery.

Tau-targeting nanoparticles for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neural connections and decreased brain tissue volume. Initially affecting the hippocampus and entorhinal complex, which are responsible for memory, the disease later impacts the cerebral cortex, controlling language, logic, and social conduct. While the exact cause is unknown, genetic mutations and environmental factors are implicated.

Advancing research translation in addiction and pain: A portfolio analysis of the NIH HEAL initiative.

Background: To date, the NIH Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative has funded over 1,000 projects that aim to identify new therapeutic targets for pain and substance use disorder (SUD), develop nonpharmacological strategies for pain management, and improve overdose and addiction treatment across settings. This study conducted a portfolio analysis of HEAL's research to assess opportunities to advance translation and implementation.

Methods: HEAL projects (FY 2018-2022) were classified into early (T0-T1) and later (T2-T4) translational stages.

Development and validation of a combined selected ion monitoring-scan GC-EI-MS method for nitazene analogs.

Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) emerged during the third wave of the opioid epidemic, which has resulted in countless overdose deaths. Although fentanyl and fentanyl analogs are the most common NSOs, changing legislation in China and the United States led to the emergence of another class of NSOs, known as nitazene analogs. Nitazene analogs are very potent, and given their increasing prevalence in seized drug casework, it is imperative that seized drug laboratories have sufficient methods to identify nitazene analogs.

Emotion Dysregulation and Parent Emotion Socialization in Mothers with Borderline Pathology.

Background: Mothers with borderline personality disorder face unique challenges in parenting, as borderline symptoms have been shown to negatively affect parent-child relationships. These challenges can lead to non-supportive reactions to children's negative emotions, a form of parent emotion socialization (PES) that has been linked to negative outcomes in children. Given the inherent emotional arousal evoked by parenting, emotion dysregulation likely influences the type of PES parents utilize.

Integration of Student Well-Being in Undergraduate Nursing Curricula: A Scoping Review.

Background: Nursing school causes immense stress for students, and the attrition rate is high. Nurse educators have long been aware of the documented relationship between well-being and academic success, as well as the anxiety, depression, insomnia, fear, and exhaustion that result in student burnout. However, there has been little change in the nursing curriculum, and few nursing curricula include student well-being education.

Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of urinary arsenic concentration for elementary school children in Bangladesh.

Background: Arsenic (As) is a toxic element that can lead to various health issues in humans. The primary exposure to As is through the consumption of water contaminated with high As levels, particularly in Bangladesh. Previous studies have shown that urinary arsenic (UAs) concentration can reflect As exposure and metabolism in individuals.

Influence of dietary fermentation product on markers of inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young exercising horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide.

The objective was to evaluate dietary fermentation product (SCFP) on joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism in exercising yearlings challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypothesizing dietary SCFP (TruEquineC, Diamond V Mills, Inc.) would ameliorate joint inflammation and increase cartilage metabolism. Thirty Quarter Horse yearlings were stratified by bodyweight (BW), age, sex, and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 10/treatment): control (0), 46, or 92 mg/kg BW/d SCFP.

Management, and outcomes of pediatric cerebral cavernous malformations across age groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Objective: Pediatric Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) are focal neuro-vascular lesions with highly variable symptomatic presentations and natural history. In this study, we explored clinical features, management decisions, and outcomes in specific pediatric CCM populations.

Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an exhaustive review of the literature was conducted using search strings on PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane databases to assess differences in patient demographics, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes specifically between National Institute of Health (NIH) and American Academic of Pediatrics (AAP)-defined age groups: infants (0-1 year), children (1-12 years), adolescents (12-17 years).

Experiences of Women Faculty in an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Women faculty face different obstacles in academic medical careers than their men counterparts. Women faculty report feeling like "outsiders" and experiencing multiple barriers to career advancement compared with men, especially if they hold a nonmedical degree (, PhD). This study examined aspects of workplace culture that differentially impact women at a large regional academic medical center (AMC) in the Appalachian region of the United States-a geographic area that is largely understudied in this body of literature.

Positive Impact of a Specialized Summer Camp on the Correlation Between Improved Mental Health and Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetic Patients.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with an increased risk of mental illness. In recent years, specialized summer camps for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have emerged, aimed at normalizing life with diabetes and building skills needed for optimal management of the condition. This project analyzed the effects of one such camp, Camp Sweeney, on glycemic control, physical health, and psychosocial wellbeing of camp attendees (children 5-17, mean age 14.

Associations of Environmental Exposure to Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and Cadmium with Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Recent Evidence from Mechanistic Studies.

Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that populations exposed to environmental toxicants such as heavy metals have a higher likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to those unexposed, indicating a potential association between heavy metals exposure and AD. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary mechanistic research exploring the associations of four important metals, arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), with AD and possible pathways, processes, and molecular mechanisms on the basis of data from the most recent mechanistic studies. Primary research publications published during the last decade were identified via a search of the PubMed Database.

Quantification of daridorexant, lemborexant and suvorexant in whole blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant are dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) used to treat insomnia, offering a lower abuse potential due to their lack of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity compared to traditional sleep medications. Still, DORAs remain drugs of forensic interest due to their accessibility, long half-lives, and potential risk for next-day residual drowsiness, impaired motor coordination, and decreased alertness, which may feature prominently in cases of driving impairment or drug-facilitated sexual assault. Thus, developing analytical methods to detect these compounds, particularly the more novel lemborexant and daridorexant, is crucial for forensic toxicological testing.

North America Laboratory Survey Data for Drug Testing in Drug Impaired Driving and Traffic Fatality Investigations.

In 2004, the National Safety Council's Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division (NSC-ADID) set out to provide guidance for the standardization of laboratory testing practices in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and fatal motor vehicle crash investigations after identifying a lack of consistency in testing practices in this type of casework. A survey about laboratory testing practices, scopes of testing, and cutoffs was created using SurveyMonkey®, an online survey instrument, and sent to laboratories throughout the United States and Canada. Based on analysis of survey results and discussion, the first set of recommendations was published in 2007 with recommended scope and cutoffs for drug screening and confirmation in blood and urine.

The competency crisis and forensic evaluator burnout.

Forensic psychologists conducting competence to stand trial evaluations may be at high risk of professional burnout (i.e., feeling exhausted, cynical, ineffective) due to the ongoing increase in demand for competence evaluations.

The Relationship Between Personality Inventory for DSM (PID-5) Domains and Disruptive Behavior Disorders.

Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated a strong relationship between personality and psychopathology. However, the relationship between the traits listed in the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) and Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) in adolescents has not been examined in detail. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) domains and DBD symptoms in an adolescent inpatient sample.