Adolescent Body Mass Index, Weight Trajectories to Adulthood, and Osteoporosis Risk.

Importance: There are limited data regarding adolescent weight among healthy individuals and their trajectory through early adulthood with respect to bone health.

Objective: To assess the association between adolescent body mass index (BMI) and osteoporosis risk while accounting for BMI change during early adulthood.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective population-based cohort study from 1967 to 2019.

Cross-Activity Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Editing in Gene Families of Detected by Long-Read Sequencing.

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing holds promise for precise genetic modifications, yet off-target effects remain a concern-particularly in gene families with high sequence similarity. In this study, we present a computational framework for analyzing editing specificity and cross-reactivity in gene families using long-read sequencing data. The pipeline integrates multiplex PCR, NGS, and CRISPECTOR-based analysis to detect and quantify on- and off-target events with high sensitivity.

The Role of Parental Qualities in Supporting Children with ADHD.

Objective: This cross-sectional study examined assumptions about the role of parenting qualities in predicting child problems.

Background: Children with ADHD often experience distress, partially linked to less adaptive parenting practices. Our working assumptions are that: parental mindfulness, insecure parent attachment styles, and parental child rejection have a significant impact upon the severity of child problems and therefore should be addressed in parental training.

Effect of Bisoprolol Versus Other Beta-Blockers on Glycemic Control and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: β-blockers (BB) are a heterogeneous class of medications guideline-recommended for heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, physicians may be reluctant to prescribe BBs due to concerns regarding negative metabolic effects. The primary objective was to assess the short-term change in glucose control in PwT2DM (patients with T2DM) who initiated bisoprolol versus the reference cohorts.

Enhancing the Warfighter: Ethical, Legal, and Strategic Implications of Brain-Machine Interface-Enabled Military Exoskeletons.

The integration of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) with military exoskeletons represents a significant development in human-machine interaction, raising complex ethical, legal, and strategic challenges. Unlike conventional human enhancement technologies, BMI-exoskeleton systems translate neural intent directly into mechanical movement, generating new concerns regarding agency, accountability, long-term health outcomes, and the governance of neuroadaptive changes. This paper offers a structured interdisciplinary analysis, developing taxonomies of current technologies, tracing the historical trajectory of military exoskeleton development, and critically assessing the emerging convergence between exoskeletal augmentation and neural interface systems.

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Dihydrate Stone Formers: Differing Surgical Recurrence Rates and Metabolic Profiles in a Large Cohort.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones have a lower recurrence rate compared with other stone types. However, their high prevalence results in a substantial clinical and economic burden. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD) are the main CaOx stone subtypes.

How does otitis media with effusion history affect spatial auditory processing and listening effort?

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of otitis media with effusion (OME) history on spatial auditory processing and listening effort (LE) in children with normal hearing thresholds.

Methods: Seventeen children with a history of OME, whose hearing thresholds had returned to normal (mean age 7.8 years), and 22 age-matched controls (mean age 8 years) participated in the study.

The Mediating Role of Misinterpretations and Neutralizing Responses to Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders.

Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest that obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) develop from maladaptive misinterpretations and coping strategies of unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs). Models of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) propose that these symptoms stem from similar misinterpretations of common UITs relating to perceived defects in appearance and illness. This study examines whether maladaptive misinterpretations and control strategies leading to the escalation of obsessional UITs to OCD symptoms also have a similar effect on the development of BDD and IAD.

Ambivalent sexism predicts Israelis' gendered preferences in the Gaza hostage crisis.

Gender-based prioritization in life-or-death decisions has long shaped crisis responses, from natural disasters to wartime evacuations. This study examined psychological predictors of public support for such prioritization, using the case of Israeli hostages abducted by Hamas terrorist organization on October 7, 2023. Across two hostage release deals-one in November 2023 and another in January 2025-women were systematically prioritized, leaving abducted men in captivity.

Social interactions between attachment partners increase inter-brain plasticity.

Inter-brain synchrony between interacting partners is an important feature of social brain function, but whether neural coordination persists beyond the immediate social moment is unknown. Using hyperscanning EEG, we investigated whether a brief mother-adolescent face-to-face interaction induces sustained changes in inter-brain synchrony. We measured neural synchrony in the fronto-temporal network of 110 mothers and adolescents (55 dyads) during co-present resting-state recordings before and after a naturalistic, positively-valanced face-to-face interaction.

[THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON FIBROMYALGIA].

Fibromyalgia syndrome is defined as chronic widespread pain associated with sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other somatic and psychological symptoms. Psychological symptoms can include mood disorders, anxiety and depression. Physical activity can be considered a safe non-pharmacological tool to alleviate fibromyalgia's physical and psychological symptoms.

Autoantibodies Against Autonomic Nervous System Receptors in Women with Silicone Breast Implants: Association with Dry Eyes and Dry Mouth.

Background: Silicone breast implants (SBIs) are associated with subjective and autoimmune related manifestations, ranging from reported symptoms such as depression and fatigue to diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis.

Objectives: To examine whether autoantibodies directed against autonomic nervous system receptors are associated with reported symptoms of dry mouth and eyes in patients with SBIs.

Methods: ELISA assays were used to evaluate a panel of 11 autoantibodies in the sera of patients with SBIs and age-matched healthy controls.

Near InfraRed Reflectance Imaging for the Assessment of Geographic Atrophy Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging is a widely available but underutilized modality for assessing geographic atrophy (GA), a late-stage manifestation of dry age-related macular degeneration. This study aims to develop and evaluate a fully automated deep-learning-based approach for detecting GA on NIR imaging.

Methods: NIR images of patients aged ≥ 50 years with GA, confirmed by two retinal specialists, were analyzed at Rabin Medical Center.

Increasing Perceived Outgroup Heterogeneity Following Exposure to Extreme Violence: An Intervention Tournament in Times of War.

Exposure to political violence often drives individuals toward extreme attitudes and greater support for retaliatory policies, including heightened perceptions of outgroup homogeneity. In violent intergroup conflicts, such perceptions can be especially dangerous, as they may justify indiscriminate violence against the outgroup. The current research aims to address Jewish Israelis' perceptions of Palestinians' variability following the October 7 Hamas attack on Israel.

Gaze responses in children with cerebral palsy, cerebral visual impairment, and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Aim: To identify gaze responses of children with cerebral palsy (CP), cerebral visual impairment (CVI), and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to unimodal and bimodal sensory stimuli.

Method: Forty children (27 female; mean age 8 years 3 months [range: 3-21 years] with two participants [ages 20 years and 21 years] representing outliers; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level V, Manual Ability Classification System level V, Communication Function Classification System level V) with spastic and dyskinetic CP and severe IDD (20 CVI, 20 no visual impairment) participated in an experimental-observational study. Unimodal (light, auditory, tactile) and bimodal (visual-auditory, visual-tactile) stimuli were presented in a darkened room.

From trauma to resilience: psychological and epigenetic adaptations in the third generation of holocaust survivors.

The transmission of trauma across generations, particularly among descendants of Holocaust survivors, presents a complex interplay of psychological and epigenetic adaptations. This study explored the long-term impacts of Holocaust trauma on the third and fourth generations, focusing on the quality of social-emotional ties and psychopathology, as well as the epigenetic variation in the oxytocin system, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) stress axis, and the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNA). Involving 371 participants, including 186 third- and fourth-generation descendants of Holocaust survivors (54.

Optimizing the application order under precedent-based decision-making.

We study the decision problem of a Proposer who has a set of applications to submit for approval to an Authority and can choose an order of submission. The Proposer's utility depends on the Authority's rulings. The Authority has to be consistent with its past decisions, which we model using the nearest-neighbor criterion.

Behavior in motivational conflicts is determined by magnitude of potential outcomes and relates to anxiety levels.

Human behavior often involves resolving conflicts between motivations to pursue rewards and to avoid harm. Maladaptive resolution of such approach-avoidance conflicts is a hallmark of various psychopathologies, notably anxiety disorders. To systematically study motivated behavior tendencies, we need to identify factors that may drive them, such as sensitivity to the magnitudes of expected outcomes.

Psychiatric Comorbidities in Fibromyalgia: A Comparison With Chronic Conditions and Healthy Controls.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and psychiatric comorbidities, but robust comparative data remain limited.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared psychiatric diagnoses and medication use among matched groups with fibromyalgia, chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls (total N=5,040), using data from a large national health care provider.

Results: Psychiatric disorders were most prevalent in fibromyalgia, followed by chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls.

GreedyMini: generating low-density DNA minimizers.

Motivation: Minimizers are the most popular k-mer selection scheme in algorithms and data structures analyzing high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data. In a minimizer scheme, the smallest k-mer by some predefined order is selected as the representative of a sequence window containing w consecutive k-mers, which results in overlapping windows often selecting the same k-mer. Minimizers that achieve the lowest frequency of selected k-mers over a random DNA sequence, termed the expected density, are desired for improved performance of HTS analyses.

Assessing body composition and energy expenditure in ICU.

Purpose Of Review: The "One Size fits All" nutritional approach, mainly using the patient's weight, has been challenged by recent progress allowing healthcare professionals to better define energy needs and determine body composition.

Recent Findings: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) assessment has been recognized as a reliable tool for diagnosing malnutrition in the ICU. Complementing this approach, advancements in techniques for evaluating lean muscle mass, such as dual-energy biomarkers and computed tomography (CT), have improved the accuracy of muscle mass determination.

Multi-parametric analysis of thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGE) and associated gamma-ray emissions on Mount Hermon, Israel.

Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs), sometimes referred to as gamma-ray glows, are transient increases in surface-level gamma-ray flux driven by thunderstorm electric fields. This study investigates two TGE events observed on January 4-6 and January 14, 2018, at the Emilio Segre Cosmic-Ray Observatory on Mount Hermon in northern Israel. Both cases were under rain-free conditions, thus excluding radon washout effects.

Retrospective cohort of prenatal home ultrasound utilization and maternal-neonatal outcomes.

Background: Telehealth solutions, including ultrasound technology, are sought as a modality to enhance prenatal. We aimed to evaluate the utilization of a self-operated home ultrasound service in a real-world large cohort, comparing users vs. non-users.

Short playful interactions improve executive functions in children.

Executive Functions (EFs) are foundational for lifelong flourishing, supporting critical capacities such as planning, decision-making, and self-regulation. Research highlights the malleability of EFs in children, with both long-term and short-term interventions shown to effectively enhance these vital skills. Consequently, there is a growing interest in methods to cultivate EFs from early childhood.