Genomic Profiles of Pathogenic and Moderate-Penetrance Germline Variants Associated With Risk of Early-Onset Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Up to 54% of all lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) cases in Asian populations occur in never-smoking women, suggesting that the impact of smoking and other environmental factors on the risk of early-onset LADC is minimal. Genetic factors may play a crucial role in disease development.

Methods: The prevalence of germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) of 454 hereditary cancer and DNA repair genes was evaluated by whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of 348 early-onset LADC (aged ≤ 40 y) and 1425 later-onset LADC (aged ≥ 41 y) cases.

The Increasing Trend of the Generational Helicobacter pylori-Naïve Prevalence Among Japanese Individuals Born Between 1925 and 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis.

Background: The World Health Organization has confirmed that Helicobacter pylori is a carcinogen associated with gastric cancer (GC). Although a recent increasing trend in the prevalence of the H. pylori-naïve status has been reported, the precise values of each generation have not yet been specified.

Differences in Cancer and All-Cause Mortality among Non-Hispanic Black American Adults by Nativity and Duration of Residence in the United States.

Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) Americans bear a high burden of cancer and all-cause mortality. Previous studies show that foreign-born individuals in the United States generally have lower cancer mortality rates, although it is more pronounced among NHBs. This study examined differences in cancer and all-cause mortality risk between US-born and foreign-born NHB adults and by the duration of US residence among foreign-born individuals.

Unilateral upper lung field pulmonary fibrosis after primary lung cancer surgery as a late complication to be recognized.

Objective: Unilateral upper lung field pulmonary fibrosis (UPF) is a possible complication on the operated side after lung cancer surgery. However, its incidence and associated perioperative factors remain unclear. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with unilateral UPF after primary lung cancer surgery.

Birth cohort-specific smoking patterns in Japan (1906-2004): a population-based study from the NC-CCAPH consortium.

Background: This study aimed to estimate Japan's age-specific history of smoking prevalence, initiation, cessation, and intensity by birth cohort, using data from multiple cohort studies.

Methods: We pooled data from eight eligible cohorts surveyed between 1989 and 2020 as part of the National Center Cohort Collaborative for Advancing Population Health (NC-CCAPH). An Age-Period-Cohort model was employed to estimate birth cohort- and sex-specific smoking patterns for individuals born between 1920 and 1999.

Serious adverse events associated with bowel preparation for colonoscopy in Japan: Systematic review.

Objectives: Bowel preparation for colonoscopy can lead to serious adverse events (AEs), raising significant safety concerns in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. A systematic review of these serious AEs in Japan was performed to explore potential management strategies.

Methods: The Ovid-MEDLINE and Ichushi databases were searched from inception to March 2024.

Longitudinal impact of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship on perceptions of harmfulness of tobacco and uptake of heated tobacco products in Japan: findings from the JASTIS study.

Background: Japan lacks regulations governing tobacco advertisements, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in Japan. We investigate TAPS' impact on harm perceptions and heated tobacco products (HTPs) uptake in Japan.

Methods: The study sample, comprising adult non-users of HTPs, was derived from a longitudinal internet-based study (JASTIS, Japanese 'Society and New Tobacco' Internet Survey) conducted in 2018 (n=7136) and 2022 (n=15 587).

Bringing question notes to physicians: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan (INFORM study 2020).

Objective: To describe the behavior of bringing question notes to physicians in Japan and explore the factors associated with this behavior.

Methods: We used data from a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in Japan on access to health information (INFORM Study 2020). Data from 3605 respondents, 3572 of whom did not miss the primary endpoint of bringing question notes to physicians, were analyzed.

Narrative review of cancer bereavement care before loss.

Contrary to sudden death, cancer death allows families to have a certain period to be ready for death and receive some support from health care providers. This review aims to picture a family's experience of cancer trajectory that is associated with bereavement outcomes and health care provider's care provided before loss. We reviewed pre-loss factors associated with grief and indicated that preparedness for death may contribute to alleviating grief.

The Association between Habitual Tub Bathing and Risk of Breast Cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.

Background: Several studies reported that hot tub bathing, a unique Japanese culture, may benefit breast cancer risk factors. It is, however, uncertain whether moderate heat exposure through hot tub bathing could potentially reduce the risk of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate this association through a long-term prospective cohort study conducted in Japan.

Nursing Support for Nonpharmacological Interventions to Prevent Delirium in Patients with Cancer: A Scoping Review.

The importance of nonpharmacological interventions in preventing delirium is well documented in several guidelines; however, research specifically detailing nursing support in oncology remains sparse. This scoping review aimed to identify nursing support for nonpharmacological interventions to prevent delirium in patients with cancer. Utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping review framework and adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-ScR checklist, we systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Ichushi-Web databases from their inception to January 31, 2022, with an update on August 31, 2023.

Funding Trends in Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED): Focus on Psychiatry.

The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) was established in April 2015 as a funding agency for medical research and development. AMED has been striving to ensure the provision of state-of-the-art medical services and the advancement of a society characterized by health and longevity. Furthermore, AMED facilitates the seamless integration of research projects, spanning the spectrum from basic to applied research and practical applications.

Impact of germline variants on breast and ovarian cancer risk in Japanese women: an original cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: Pathogenic variants (PVs) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer; however, the precise risks posed by other cancer susceptibility genes remain unclear, particularly in Asian populations.

Methods: We executed a case-control study of 11 and 26 genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility, respectively, in 7220 women with breast cancer, 2464 women with ovarian cancer, and 4032 controls from a multicentre, hospital-based registry in Japan. Furthermore, we conducted a meta-analysis of 23,193 patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer and 31,190 controls from six other hospital-based studies.

Alcohol intake and pancreatic cancer risk: An analysis from 30 prospective studies across Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America.

Background: Alcohol is a known carcinogen, yet the evidence for an association with pancreatic cancer risk is considered as limited or inconclusive by international expert panels. We examined the association between alcohol intake and pancreatic cancer risk in a large consortium of prospective studies.

Methods And Findings: Population-based individual-level data was pooled from 30 cohorts across four continents, including Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America.

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening participation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening participation remain a public health issue worldwide. We assessed trends in cancer screening participation according to socioeconomic status in Japan between 2013 and 2022, considering the potential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: Data from the nationally representative Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (2013-2022: approximately 500,000 persons per survey) were analyzed for age-standardized self-reported cancer screening rates for stomach, lung, colon, breast (aged 40-69 years), and cervical (aged 20-69 years) cancers, stratified by education levels.

Akita Japan population-based colonoscopy screening trial: report of initial colonoscopy.

Objective: To assess the safety and quality of baseline screening colonoscopy in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: A population-based RCT with an explanatory design is ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of colonoscopy screening in 9751 men and women aged 40-74 years at average risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Japan. Screening colonoscopies for the intervention group were performed from June 2009 to June 2017.

Association Between Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and 15-year Mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: Studies on the association between multimorbidity and mortality in large populations have mainly been conducted in European and North American populations. This study aimed to identify the association between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, pooled analysis was performed to evaluate the association between cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke), multimorbidity, and all-cause and CVD mortality, including premature mortality, among participants from 11 Asian cohort studies.

Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Risk of Overall and Site-Specific Cancers: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

Background: Polyphenols may play a protective role in carcinogenesis through a wide range of properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, evidence for the association between total dietary polyphenol intake and cancer risk in Asian populations is limited.

Objective: This population-based prospective study aimed to investigate the association between polyphenol intake and risk of overall and site-specific cancer among Japanese.

Genetic Polymorphisms of TP53 and ApoB Genes and Risk of Biliary Tract Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study in Japan.

Unlabelled: Although several retrospective studies have investigated the association of TP53 rs1042522 and ApoB rs693 with the risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), results have been inconsistent. In this study, to provide evidence from a prospective study, we analyzed the association of these two genetic polymorphisms with BTC risk using data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. We conducted a case-cohort study with 152 BTC cases and 12,159 subcohort subjects and estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a weighted Cox proportional hazards model.

Feasibility and Preliminary Evaluation of Implementation Strategies to Increase Individual Participation in an Internet-Based Stress Management Program for Micro- and Small-Sized Enterprises: A Pre-Post Pilot Study.

Objectives: This study evaluated the feasibility of strategies to improve participation rates in an Internet-based stress management program for micro- and small-sized enterprises.

Methods: A pre-post intervention study was conducted with companies (<50 employees). Stakeholder education preceded program implementation.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Amid COVID-19 in Japan: Analysis From the 2021-2022 JACSIS Study.

Background: Maintaining a high participation rate is crucial for effective colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The COVID-19 pandemic placed a significant burden on healthcare facilities, which hindered CRC screening efforts. However, the effects of the prolonged pandemic on CRC screening remain unclear.

Regional disparities in Japan's progress towards the Health Japan 21 smoking reduction target.

Background: Japan's 'Health Japan 21' initiative targets a reduction in adult smoking prevalence to 12% by 2032. This study evaluates the probability of meeting this target at both national and prefectural levels by estimating and comparing prevalence trends.

Method: Using crude smoking prevalence data from 2001 to 2022 for the whole nation and across Japan's 47 prefectures, we used Bayesian linear regression to project future smoking trends up to 2100.

Fish consumption and gastric cancer within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.

Gastric cancer is among the most common cancer and cause of cancer death. We conducted a meta-analysis of 25 case-control studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling Project to assess the association between fish or canned fish consumption and the risk of gastric cancer. 10,431 cases and 24,903 controls were available.

Association between trajectories of life-course group sports participation and dementia: A 3-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: The evidence for a causal effect of physical activity (PA) on dementia risk remains inconclusive. Group sports participation may impact dementia risk differently compared to PA. This study aimed to examine the association between long-term group sports participation trajectories across the life course and dementia onset among older Japanese adults.