Immunologic Alteration After Total En-Bloc Spondylectomy with Anterior Spinal Column Reconstruction with Frozen Tumor-Containing Bone Autologous Grafts: A Case Report in a Prospective Study.

Cryotherapy could stimulate immune responses and induce abscopal effects. A novel technique was developed for treating spinal bone tumors involving the use of frozen tumor-containing autologous bone grafts for anterior spinal reconstruction following total en-bloc spondylectomy, with the aim of activating cryoimmunity. This study focused on analyzing changes in the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire after surgery to evaluate T-cell diversity.

Comparison of histological response across patients with Ewing sarcoma treated with preoperative chemotherapy with or without preoperative radiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the histological response, a surrogate preoperative treatment efficacy marker, of patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy with or without preoperative radiotherapy. Moreover, local recurrence in both groups was investigated.

Methods: Surgical specimens from 210 patients with Ewing sarcoma were assessed between 2003 and 2020 to evaluate their histological response to preoperative treatment; 181 patients received preoperative chemotherapy, while 29 received both preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Functional analysis and the importance of ligament reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma surgery around the knee joint -a Tokai musculoskeletal oncology consortium study.

Background: Surgery for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) around the knee joint often requires extensive tissue resection, leading to significant functional impairment. This study aimed to evaluate knee function following surgery for STS around the knee joint and to assess the importance of ligament reconstruction in cases where the collateral ligaments were excised.

Methods: We included 63 patients treated surgically at eight hospitals participating in the Tokai Musculoskeletal Oncology Consortium between 2008 and 2019.

Impact of germline variants on breast and ovarian cancer risk in Japanese women: an original cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: Pathogenic variants (PVs) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer; however, the precise risks posed by other cancer susceptibility genes remain unclear, particularly in Asian populations.

Methods: We executed a case-control study of 11 and 26 genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility, respectively, in 7220 women with breast cancer, 2464 women with ovarian cancer, and 4032 controls from a multicentre, hospital-based registry in Japan. Furthermore, we conducted a meta-analysis of 23,193 patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer and 31,190 controls from six other hospital-based studies.

Germline Pathogenic Variants and Clinical Outcomes in Asian Patients With Breast Cancer.

Despite the importance of genetic testing for risk assessment and treatment in breast cancer, the prognostic impact of germline pathogenic variants (PVs), especially in Asian populations, is unclear. We assessed the impact of germline PVs in patients with early-stage breast cancer. This study included 7278 Japanese multihospital registry patients.

Long-term follow-up of chronic osteomyelitis after bone tumor resection.

The standard treatment for chronic osteomyelitis after trauma is affected bone resection and bone and soft tissue defect reconstruction. However, few reports exist regarding chronic osteomyelitis after bone tumor surgery. We retrospectively reviewed five cases of chronic infection after bone tumor surgery, including their treatment strategy and clinical course.

Risk Factors and Impact on Survival of Pathological Fractures in Patients With Humeral Metastasis.

Background Bone metastases often cause pathological fractures and impair patients' quality of life and survival. Although several studies have been conducted on pathological fractures in the femur and spine, limited research has been done on the upper limbs. This study aimed to reveal the risk factors and determine how pathological fractures impact survival in patients with humeral metastasis.

Impact of cyclophosphamide on the morphological and histological changes in polyglycolic acid spacers.

In radiotherapy for pediatric abdominal tumors, determining the effect of concurrent chemotherapy on polyglycolic acid (PGA) spacers is crucial; yet this effect has not been validated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of cyclophosphamide (CPA) chemotherapy on the PGA spacer using a rat model. Twenty-four rats were implanted with the spacer, and morphological changes in the spacer were assessed on CT for both the CPA-dosed group (40 mg/kg) and the control group.

Response rate specific to bone metastasis of various cancers for immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the prognosis of patients with cancer, such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and urothelial carcinoma. The extension of life expectancy has led to an increased incidence of bone metastases (BM) among patients with cancer. BM result in skeletal-related events, including severe pain, pathological fractures, and nerve palsy.

Predicting Trabectedin Efficacy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Inflammatory Biomarker Analysis.

Background/aim: Trabectedin is used as a treatment for advanced-stage soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), particularly liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Aside from its direct effect on tumor cells, trabectedin can affect the immune system in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers predict trabectedin efficacy in STSs.

Malawer type I/V proximal humerus reconstruction after tumor resection: a systematic review.

Background: Several reconstruction methods exist for Malawer type I/V proximal humerus reconstruction after bone tumor resection; however, no consensus has been reached regarding the preferred methods.

Methods: We conducted a literature search on various types of proximal humerus oncologic reconstruction methods. We collected data on postoperative functional outcomes assessed based on Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores, 5-year reconstruction survival rates, and complications.

Risk of complications and implant survival of surgical treatment of proximal femoral metastasis: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The patients with femoral metastasis in the inter- or subtrochanteric area could be treated with intramedullary nailing or prosthetic reconstruction, however, it is controversial which surgical treatment could offer less complications and implant failure. Our purpose was to define the risk of complications and implant survival in patients treated with intramedullary nailing or prosthetic reconstruction.

Methods: We analyzed studies reporting the risk of complications, reoperations and removal of the implant in patients treated with intramedullary nailing, hemiarthroplasty, arthroplasty or megaprosthesis.

Similar complications, implant survival, and function following modular prosthesis and allograft-prosthesis composite reconstructions of the proximal femur for primary bone tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: There is a lack of consensus regarding the best type of reconstruction of the proximal femur following bone tumor resection. The objective of this study was to analyze the complication risks, implant survival, and functional outcomes following modular prosthesis (MP) and allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) reconstruction of the proximal femur after primary bone tumor resections.

Methods: We performed a search in the PubMed and Scopus libraries, obtaining 1 843 studies.

Diagnostic challenges in low-grade central osteosarcoma.

Aims: Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS), a rare type of osteosarcoma, often has misleading radiological and pathological features that overlap with those of other bone tumours, thereby complicating diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to analyze the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with LGCOS, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 49 patients with LGCOS (Broder's grade 1 to 2) treated between January 1985 and December 2017 in a single institute.

Reoperation after surgery for bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Background And Objective: The prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has markedly improved with the advent of molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the therapeutic response in patients with bone metastasis remains low; therefore, surgery still plays a significant role in treatment of bone metastasis. It is important to maintain quality of life for patients with bone metastasis from RCC and avoid reoperation after surgery for bone metastasis.

Special Issue: "Pediatric Orthopedic Malignancy: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment".

Pediatric orthopedic malignancies are extremely rare and require appropriate diagnosis and treatment by a multidisciplinary team [...