Deep Learning Model for Osteoporosis Screening From Chest Radiographs: A Multicenter Analysis of External Robustness and Model Calibration.

Osteoporosis is a common condition, and treatment can reduce the risk of fracture and extend healthy life expectancy, but most cases go undiagnosed and untreated. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, is costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, with limited availability in low-resource settings and small clinics, so it is not suitable for screening for potential osteoporosis. To address this problem, in recent years, some studies have attempted to screen for osteoporosis by estimating DXA bone mineral density (BMD) from chest radiographs (CR), which are frequently used in daily clinical practice, by applying deep learning technology.

Duration of current alopecia areata episode predicts the effectiveness of baricitinib in Japanese patients with alopecia areata: a single-center retrospective study.

Objectives: Baricitinib showed efficacy for alopecia areata (AA) in clinical trials, with real-world data supporting its short-term effectiveness. However, long-term data are limited. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of baricitinib in AA patients over one year and explored predictive factors.

Vitreous Hemorrhage Following Blunt Ocular Trauma by a Cat's Forepaw: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Traumatic vitreous hemorrhage is most commonly associated with sports injuries or accidental falls. We report an exceptionally rare case of vitreous hemorrhage presumed to result from blunt trauma inflicted by the forepaw of a domestic cat. A 50-year-old man presented with blurred vision and ocular pain in his right eye after being struck by his pet cat.

Disease Impact and Burden of Psoriasis Vulgaris in Visible Body Areas in Japan: A Qualitative Study.

International studies describe considerable multi-faceted burdens for patients living with psoriasis vulgaris. However, there is few research on the experience in the life of patients with psoriasis vulgaris in Japan, particularly regarding psychosocial impacts when symptoms are visible parts of their body. A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured one-on-one interviews was conducted with 23 patients.

Eggshell membrane supplementation stimulates angiogenesis and promotes bone healing in a rat drill-hole injury model.

The development of new adjunct therapies to support bone healing remains an important clinical challenge. Eggshell membrane (ESM), a natural biomaterial derived from chicken eggs, has recently attracted attention for its safety, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ESM supplementation on bone healing in a rat tibial drill-hole injury model.

Transition of headache care from childhood to adulthood: Focusing needs, barriers, and models of care. A position paper of the IHS Child and Adolescent Committee.

Headache disorders are among the most common neurological conditions in children and adolescents, often continuing into adulthood and causing substantial personal and societal burdens. Yet, the transition from childhood to adult headache care remains under-addressed, with critical clinical practice, policy, and research gaps. This narrative review synthesizes existing evidence and expert perspectives to highlight the urgent need for structured, developmentally appropriate transition models in headache care.

Aspirin-Free Prasugrel Monotherapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: In the presence of a potent P2Yinhibitor such as prasugrel, the additional clinical antithrombotic benefit of aspirin is unclear. The feasibility of prasugrel monotherapy without aspirin after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been demonstrated in chronic coronary syndrome, but is yet to be assessed in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and low anatomical complexity.

Methods And Results: ASET-Japan is a single-arm study investigating the safety of prasugrel 12-month monotherapy with a locally approved dose (loading 20 mg; maintenance 3.

Hip internal rotation restriction and heel raise mechanics as risk factors for Jones fractures in youth football players.

Background: Jones fractures, stress fractures at the proximal metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the fifth metatarsal, are common in sports that involve repetitive jumping and turning, particularly football (i.e., soccer).

Influence of Public Assistance on Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Cardiac Arrest in Japan: A Retrospective Study.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the influence of public assistance on patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in Japan. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the SAVE-J II study, a retrospective, multicenter registry study involving 36 participating institutions in Japan. Patients with cardiac arrest who received ECPR were divided into two groups, depending on whether or not they had received public assistance.

Elaidic acid drives cellular senescence and inflammation via lipid raft-mediated IL-1R signaling.

Fatty acids (TFAs) have been associated with various inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that in response to DNA damage, elaidic acid (EA), a most common TFA, amplifies interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling, leading to the promotion of cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).

Association of bile acid composition with synthetic pathways and efficacy of bezafibrate in cholestatic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Bezafibrate (BZF), a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/pregnane X receptor agonist, has demonstrated efficacy in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Although one of the therapeutic effects of BZF is suppression of bile acid synthesis, its specific impact on bile acid synthesis pathways has not been thoroughly explored. This study investigated bile acid profiles, synthesis intermediates, and their associations with liver biochemistries in patients with PBC and PSC, and evaluated the impact of BZF treatment on these associations.

Constructing a bridge between functioning of oscillatory neuronal networks and quantum-like cognition along with quantum-inspired computation and AI.

Quantum-like (QL) modeling, one of the outcomes of the quantum information revolution, extends quantum theory methods beyond physics to decision theory and cognitive psychology. While effective in explaining paradoxes in decision making and effects in cognitive psychology, such as conjunction, disjunction, order, and response replicability, it lacks a direct link to neural information processing in the brain. This study bridges neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and cognitive psychology, exploring how oscillatory neuronal networks give rise to QL behaviors.

Dysphagia and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: With an aging global population, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased. Dysphagia is a major challenge in this population. However, little information is available regarding the association between dysphagia and the prevalence of CKD.

A propensity score-adjusted retrospective analysis of after-hours and daytime surgery for Gartland type III pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture.

The optimal surgical timing for pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures has been deliberated. Although the recent trend is to postpone surgery until the daytime, the effect of after-hours surgery on outcomes requires further elucidation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether the timing of surgery for pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures affects the outcomes.

Diagnosis of Onychomycosis and Real-World Data of Oral Fosravconazole in Japan.

In Japan, two topical drugs and three oral antifungal drugs are prescribed for onychomycosis. Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ) is an azole antifungal drug that has been prescribed in Japan since 2018 for the oral treatment of onychomycosis. Herein, we review the real-world evidence of F-RVCZ treatment for cutaneous fungal infection in Japan.

Survey on the Prevalence of Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton spp. with Squalene Epoxidase Mutations.

Terbinafine (TBF) and azoles are commonly used to treat fungal infections such as tinea pedis and tinea unguium. TBF-resistant Trichophyton species have been increasingly reported globally; however, the research has primarily focused on Trichophyton rubrum. In other words, there are limited studies that exist on other causative Trichophyton species, such as Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton indotineae.

Analysis of dextromethorphan concentrations in autopsy samples from two cases of self-poisoning.

Dextromethorphan has antitussive effects and therefore is mainly used in over-the-counter cold remedies. However, abuse of this addictive substance as a 'recreational drug' has become problematic. We recently experienced two autopsy cases in which dextromethorphan intoxication likely contributed significantly to the cause of death.

Perceptions of barriers and facilitators to opioid reduction after total joint arthroplasty among orthopedic surgeons practicing in Canada, Japan, and the Netherlands: A qualitative description study.

Opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed after total knee and hip arthroplasty to manage pain. Rates of opioid prescribing after arthroplasty differ by country, suggesting differences in policies or surgeons' practices. We adopted a qualitative description design to explore and compare Canadian, Dutch, and Japanese orthopaedic surgeons' perceptions of facilitators and barriers to opioid reduction after total joint arthroplasty.

Predicting the Surge in Valve-in-Valve Volume: A Comparative Study of Japan and the United States.

Background: Understanding trends in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) utilization is essential for predicting valve-in-valve (ViV) TAVR usage, a viable option for failed bioprosthetic valves that presents a promising avenue for lifetime management of aortic stenosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to predict and compare the future annual ViV volume in the United States and Japan based on past and current TAVR/SAVR utilization under some underlying assumptions.

Methods: We developed a MATLAB-based Monte Carlo model engine to simulate the lifespan of bioprosthetic TAVR and SAVR valves.

Susceptibility of to Zoliflodacin and Quinolones in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan.

The DNA synthesis inhibitor zoliflodacin (ZFD) is expected to be effective against strains resistant to therapeutic agents for infection. In addition to ZFD, we investigated the susceptibility of strains to ceftriaxone (CTRX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), garenoxacin (GRNX), and sitafloxacin (STFX). Minimum inhibitory concentration values for ZFD and four other drugs were determined for 147 strains of isolated at medical institutions in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, from 2015 to 2022.

Relationship Between Personality of Parents and Pediatric Post-Intensive Care Syndrome for a Family in the PICU: A Prospective, Observational Cohort Pilot Study.

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatrics (PICS-P) for families is a growing concern as receiving care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) improves child survival. PICU parental stress may cause post-discharge psychiatric symptoms. Understanding personality-related distress is key for early intervention.

Association of a mild or an important decline in left ventricular ejection fraction with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, sudden cardiac death and all-cause death in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A report from the CHART-2 Study.

Aims: A decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is often observed in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and is associated with adverse outcomes. Although baseline LVEF is crucial for assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with HF, little is known about the relationship between the decline in LVEF and lethal arrhythmic events among patients with HFpEF.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively analysed data from the CHART-2 Study.

Real-World Outcomes of the Initial Clip Selection for Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair Using the MitraClip G4 From the Optimized Catheter Valvular Intervention-Mitral Registry.

Background: The association of outcomes with initial clip selection has not been investigated in patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair with the MitraClip G4.

Methods: We analyzed 2257 patients receiving the MitraClip G4 according to the initial clip type: short (NT/NTW) versus long (XT/XTW) and narrow (NT/XT) versus wide (NTW/XTW). We performed a propensity-matched analysis of baseline anatomical features in patients with primary and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR).