Changes in potential pathogenicity-associated proteins of upon infection of macrophage cells.

Introduction: is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative, enterohepatic bacterium classified as a conditional pathogen (pathogenicity group 2). It is known to cause bacteremia and a variety of other diseases in humans. In particular, has been shown to impair intracellular cholesterol metabolism when interacting with macrophages, leading to foam cell formation.

Emergent Dirac fermions in graphene and underlying Au monolayer with two-dimensional ferrimagnetism.

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with spin resolution, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and density functional theory (DFT) methods, we study the electronic structure of graphene-covered and bare Au/Co(0001) systems and reveal intriguing features, arising from the ferrimagnetic order in graphene and the underlying gold monolayer. In particular, a spin-polarized Dirac-cone-like state, intrinsically related to the induced magnetization of Au, was discovered at point. We have obtained a good agreement between experiment and theory for bare and graphene-covered Au/Co(0001) and have proven that both Au ferrimagnetism and the Dirac-cone-like band are intimately linked to the triangular loop dislocations present at the Au/Co interface.

Beyond the neuron: Unveiling the role of reactive astrocytes in epileptic seizure dynamics through self-organized bistability.

During epileptic seizures, brain activity and connectivity undergo dramatic changes. Brain networks transition from a balanced resting state to a hyperactive and hypersynchronous state. However, the mechanisms driving these state transitions remain unclear.

Immune checkpoints in immune response to glioma: two sides of the same coin.

Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors of glial origin accounting for about 80% of the central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. Glioma cells are known to form a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) capable of inhibiting T cell activation and protecting tumors from elimination by the immune system. One of the predominant immune inhibitory mechanisms in the TME are immune checkpoints: a complex system of membrane-bound ligands on tumor and immune cells that interact with surface receptors on T lymphocytes and affect their activation and cytotoxicity.

Autoregulation of YB-1 Synthesis in Cells.

The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) plays a crucial role in regulating essential cell functions, including transcription, translation, and DNA repair, through its interactions with nucleic acids and multiple protein partners. The multifunctionality of YB-1 makes the control of its levels critical for cellular homeostasis and adaptation to stress. The synthesis of YB-1 is regulated by gene transcription, protein stability (mediated by long non-coding RNAs), and translation of its mRNA.

Prime Editing Modification with FEN1 Improves F508del Variant Editing in the Gene in Airway Basal Cells.

Prime editing is a promising approach for correcting pathogenic variants, but its efficiency remains variable across genomic contexts. Here, we systematically evaluated 12 modifications of the PEmax system for correcting the F508del pathogenic variant that caused cystic fibrosis in patient-derived airway basal cells. We chose EXO1 and FEN1 nucleases to improve the original system.

High-quality bonds: gene revealed by GWAS is associated with grain protein content in spring durum wheat.

Grain protein content (GPC) is a critical determinant of durum wheat quality, with cysteine playing a pivotal role in gluten strength. This study aimed to develop genetic markers associated with GPC through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and validate their utility for breeding programs. A panel of 190 durum wheat accessions was phenotyped for GPC across multiple environments and genotyped using 4927 high-quality SNPs.

"Next-in-class" GLP-1R Danuglipron- and Lotiglipron-like Agonists: A Patent Review (2020-2024).

Background: GLP-1 receptor peptide agonists have revolutionized type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity treatment, primarily through injection-based therapies. Small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists allow oral administration, but none are clinically established. Pfizer's danuglipron and lotiglipron, presented in 2018-2019, were "first-in-class" drug candidates, becoming prototypes for "next-in-class" drug development.

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (Z^{'}) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or W bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions.

Ultrasonic fabrication of polysaccharide capsules: Unraveling the xanthan gum-chitosan shell formation mechanism.

Aim: This study establishes the mechanism of stable emulsion capsules formation using sulfhydryl-free polysaccharides (xanthan gum, chitosan, and their mixtures), comparing ultrasonic versus conventional mechanical preparation methods.

Methods: Capsules were fabricated using both mechanical and ultrasonic processing, followed by comprehensive characterization through DLS, CLSM, CRYO electron microscopies, XPS, FTIR, AFM, XRD, and TGA.

Results: Ultrasonically processed xanthan gum/chitosan capsules exhibit a well-defined morphology (1 μm average size), stable surface characteristics (-19 mV zeta potential), and enhanced resistance to aggregation and coalescence.

Structural Features of Nucleoproteins from the Recently Discovered and .

The recent discovery of (SGLV) and (BJNV) in China has raised significant concern due to their potential to cause severe human disease. However, little is known about the structural features and function of their nucleoproteins, which play a key role in the viral life cycle. By combining small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data and AlphaFold 3 simulations, we reconstructed the BJNV and SGLV nucleoprotein structures for the first time.

Ectopic Recruitment of the CTCF N-Terminal Domain with Two Proximal Zinc-Finger Domains as a Tool for 3D Genome Engineering.

Enhancer-promoter interactions occur in the chromatin loci delineated by the CCCTC-binding zinc-finger protein CTCF. CTCF binding is frequently perturbed in genetic disorders and cancer, allowing for misregulation of genes. Here, we developed a panel of chimeric proteins consisting of either full-length or truncated CTCF fused with programmable DNA-binding module dCas9 and fluorescent tracker EGFP.

Structure and effective brightness of near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP713/C15S/V254C complexed with phycocyanobilin.

Tetrapyrrole-binding proteins are promising near-infrared fluorescent markers. We recently showed that the near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP713, derived from bacteriophytochrome from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RpBphP2), when mutated (iRFP713/C15S/V254C; hereafter referred to as iRFP) and complexed with phycocyanobilin (PCB) as a chromophore (iRFP-PCB), has a significantly higher fluorescence quantum yield than that of iRFP complexed with biliverdin (iRFP-BV). Here, we show that iRFP-PCB can be used as a fluorescent biomarker in eukaryotic cells (HEK293T) and that the effective brightness of iRFP-PCB is more than four times higher than that of iRFP-BV.

Short-Term Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro Learning in Optoelectrically-Driven Flexible Halide Perovskite Single Crystal Memristors.

The transition to smart, wearable, and flexible optoelectronic devices that communicate with each other and perform neuromorphic computing at the edge, is a major goal in next-generation optoelectronics. These devices are expected to carry out their regular tasks while being supported by energy-efficient, in-memory computations. In this study, a lateral flexible device based on cesium lead tribromide perovskite single crystals integrated with single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film electrodes is presented.

Structure and biochemical characterization of GH29 family α-l-fucosidase from Fusarium proliferatum LE1.

Alpha-L-fucosidases are essential tools for studying the structure-function relationships of fucosylated sugars and for the synthesis of glycoconjugates. Despite their significant potential in biotechnology, detailed structural and mechanistic aspects of these enzymes remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel α-l-fucosidase from the fungus Fusarium proliferatum LE1, belonging to the GH29 family of glycoside hydrolases.

Spider venom peptides with unique fold selectively block Shaker-type potassium channels.

Natural toxins are highly effective at targeting ion channels with high selectivity and potency. To date, all identified spider venom peptide toxins that modulate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels inhibit Shab (K2) or Shal-related isoforms (K4) by interacting with their voltage-sensing domains. In this study, we report novel spider-derived pore-blocking toxins that selectively target Shaker-type (K1) channels with nanomolar potency.

Integration of HiMoRNA and RNAChrom: Validation of the Functional Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in the Epigenetic Regulation of Human Genes Using RNA-Chromatin Interactome Data.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by recruiting chromatin-modifying proteins to specific genomic loci. Two databases, previously developed by our groups, HiMoRNA and RNA-Chrom, provide valuable insights into this process. The former contains data on epigenetic modification regions (peaks) correlated with lncRNA expression, while the latter offers genome-wide RNA-chromatin interaction data for tens of thousands of RNAs.

The Hypomethylating Agent 5-Azacitidine Potentiates the Effect of RAS and Sp1 Inhibitors in Neuroblastoma Cells.

Neuroblastoma is a malignant solid tumor caused by the transformation of neural crest cells. Neuroblastoma predominantly occurs in children and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this regard, the development of novel approaches to neuroblastoma treatment, including combination therapy, is relevant.

Effect of Cultivation Conditions on the Expression of the Proteorhodopsin Gene.

Recombinant proteorhodopsin ESR of the gram-positive bacterium isolated from permafrost deposits in northeastern Siberia binds retinal and acts as a light-dependent proton pump, but not much is known about its expression under natural conditions. In this work, expression of the gene in cultures grown under various conditions was studied by quantitative PCR. It has been discovered that cultivation on poor media at low temperatures contributes to a significant increase in the content of the corresponding mRNA.

A diagonal volatility basis set to assess the condensation of organic vapors onto particles.

We present a "diagonal" Volatility Basis Set (dVBS) comparing gas-phase concentrations of oxygenated organic molecules (OOM) to their condensed-phase mass fractions. This permits closure of vapor concentrations with particle composition constrained by particle growth rates, allowing the contributions of quasi non-volatile condensation, equilibrium partitioning, and reactive uptake to be separated. The dVBS accommodates both equilibrium and dynamical (growth) conditions.

Ultrasensitive Higher-Order Exceptional Points via Non-Hermitian Zero-Index Materials.

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) in optical structures enable ultrasensitive responses to perturbations. However, previous investigations on higher-order EPs have predominantly focused on coupled systems, leaving their fundamental physics in open scattering systems largely unexplored. Here, we harness wave interference to realize higher-order EPs in non-Hermitian zero-index materials connected to multiple open channels.

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron.

The Gauss neuron is a nonlinear signal converter, whose transfer function (TF) is described by the derivative of some sigmoidal dependence. A superconducting Gauss neuron can be implemented as a two-junction interferometer shunted symmetrically by an additional inductance. This work analyzes three cases of asymmetry that can occur in the experimental samples of Gauss neurons, that is, unequal critical currents of the interferometer's Josephson junctions, asymmetric inductive shunting, and asymmetry of the input signal supply.

Intermolecular Charge Transfer Induced Sensitization of Yb in β-Diketone Coordination Compounds with Excellent Luminescence Efficiency.

Achieving high quantum yields for Yb ion emission in complexes with organic ligands is a challenging task, as most Yb complexes with such ligands typically exhibit efficiencies below 3.5%. Our research demonstrates that the introduction of heavy atom-containing ancillary ligands, such as TPPO or TPAO, along with the careful engineering of the main β-diketone ligand, can increase the luminescence efficiency up to 20-fold by the alteration of the energy migration pathway.

Silk Fibroin Microparticle/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Gel for Wound Healing Applications.

Silk fibroin has recently gained considerable attention as a promising biomaterial for use in medical and bioengineering technologies due to its biocompatibility and favorable mechanical properties. In this study, composite gel based on silk fibroin microparticles and carboxymethyl cellulose was developed, characterized by a viscous, homogeneous white mass containing uniformly distributed fibroin microparticles ranging from 1 to 20 μm in size. The gel exhibited a kinematic viscosity of 36.

Non-equilibrium magnetothermal effects in Ising dimers: relevance to the problem of low-temperature magnetic refrigeration.

In this study, we analyze the thermal processes in Ising-type exchange-coupled binuclear clusters induced by the sudden switching off of an initially applied magnetic field. The main result is the established correlation between the sign of the exchange parameter and the sign of the thermal effect caused by the fast field switching off. We demonstrate that in the case of ferromagnetic Ising-type superexchange associated with easy-axis magnetic anisotropy, the spin system absorbs heat, resulting in the cooling of the surrounding.