Rice Stomatal Mega-Papillae Restrict Water Loss and Pathogen Entry.

Rice () is a water-intensive crop, and like other plants uses stomata to balance CO uptake with water-loss. To identify agronomic traits related to rice stomatal complexes, an anatomical screen of 64 Thai and 100 global rice cultivars was undertaken. Epidermal outgrowths called papillae were identified on the stomatal subsidiary cells of all cultivars.

Health significant alarms of toxic carcinogenic risk consumption of blood meal metals contamination in poultry at a gold mining neighborhood, northern Thailand.

The proposes of this study were to compare THg (total mercury), Pb(Lead), Cd(Cadmium), and Mn (Manganese) contamination in poultry blood between polluted areas (≤ 25 km) and unpolluted areas (> 25 km) adjacent to the largest gold mining in northern Thailand. The THg level in the free-grazing duck in polluted areas was significantly higher than unpolluted area. Both THg and Pb levels in free-grazing duck were also highest in polluted areas.

Diagnostic Imaging and Cytological Analysis Aid the Clinical Investigation of Long Digital Extensor Tendon Subtendinous Bursitis in a Horse.

The fetlock joint is a high mobility structure that accommodates enormous loading during locomotion. An injury of the superficial constituent such as subtendinous bursitis may occur due to repeated trauma. An 8-year old school riding horse was presented with dorsomedial distension in the left hindlimb fetlock region.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of from swine farms using different antimicrobials and management systems.

Background And Aim: The emerging of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne bacteria is a serious public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the association between farm management systems and antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolated from conventional swine farms and natural farms. isolates were evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 antimicrobials, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enzymes, and plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant genes.

Evaluation of spent mushroom substrate after cultivation of as a new raw material for xylooligosaccharides production using crude xylanases from KUB2.

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), a novel functional food and feed ingredient, can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, spent mushroom substrate (SMS) gathered after cultivation was investigated for its potential as a new raw material for XOS production using crude xylanases produced in-house from KUB2. Xylan was extracted from SMS using the alkaline extraction method.

Chikungunya and Zika Viruses: Co-Circulation and the Interplay between Viral Proteins and Host Factors.

Chikungunya and Zika viruses, both transmitted by mosquito vectors, have globally re-emerged over for the last 60 years and resulted in crucial social and economic concerns. Presently, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine against these debilitating viruses. Understanding viral-host interactions is needed to develop targeted therapeutics.

Reproductive phasiRNA loci and DICER-LIKE5, but not microRNA loci, diversified in monocotyledonous plants.

In monocots other than maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), the repertoire and diversity of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the populations of phased, secondary, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are poorly characterized. To remedy this, we sequenced small RNAs (sRNA) from vegetative and dissected inflorescence tissue in 28 phylogenetically diverse monocots and from several early-diverging angiosperm lineages, as well as publicly available data from 10 additional monocot species. We annotated miRNAs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and phasiRNAs across the monocot phylogeny, identifying miRNAs apparently lost or gained in the grasses relative to other monocot families, as well as a number of transfer RNA fragments misannotated as miRNAs.

Influence of full-time housing in vector-protected facilities on equine cortisol levels, heart rate, and behavior during the African horse sickness outbreak in Thailand.

Horses were provided full-time housing in unfamiliar vector-protected facilities during the African horse sickness (AHS) outbreak in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the impact of this housing arrangement on the equine stress response. Nine healthy horses were housed in both a traditional barn and a vector-protected barn.

Transcriptome Assembly of Two Fern Species Identifies Enzymes Required for Two Upstream Pathways of Phytoecdysteroids.

species produce a high amount of phytoecdysteroids (PEs), which are widely used in traditional medicine in the Pacific islands. The PEs in two different species, (MP) and (MS), were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In particular, MS produces a high amount of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is the main active compound in PEs.

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting , the Major Causal Agent of Bacterial Panicle Blight in Rice.

Bacterial panicle blight (BPB), caused by , is one of the most severe seed-borne bacterial diseases of rice in the world, which can decrease rice production by ≤75%. Nevertheless, there are few effective measures to manage this disease. In an attempt to develop an alternative management tool for BPB, we isolated and characterized phages from soil and water that are effective to lyse several strains of After tests of host ranges, the phages NBP1-1, NBP4-7, and NBP4-8 were selected for further comprehensive characterization, all of which could lyse BGLa14-8 (phage sensitive) but not 336gr-1 (phage insensitive).

Antimicrobial activity of spp. isolated from combs against some phytopathogenic bacteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from combs of the giant honey bee, . In total, 25 isolates were obtained from three different media and were screened for antimicrobial activity against four plant pathogenic bacteria (, pv. , pv.

Genotypic and phenotypic situation of antimicrobial drug resistance of Escherichia coli in water and manure between biogas and non-biogas swine farms in central Thailand.

Currently, Thai livestock is rapidly expanding, especially the production of ruminants, chicken, and swine. The improper use of antibiotics will probably lead to an antimicrobial resistance problem. It has long been suspected that wastewater released from swine farms is a crucial aspect of the spread of antimicrobial resistance to the environment.

Role of Volatiles from the Endophytic Fungus PSU-P1 in Biocontrol Potential and in Promoting the Plant Growth of .

Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by species interact with a plant host and display multifaceted mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of VOCs emitted by PSU-P1 against fungal pathogens, as well as the ability of VOCs to activate defense responses and to promote plant growth in . The strain's VOCs had remarkable antifungal activity against fungal pathogens, with an inhibition range of 15.

A single bout of high-intensity exercise modulates the expression of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolising enzymes in horse skeletal muscle.

Background: The expressions of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D-metabolising enzymes (CYP27B1 and CYP24A1) in skeletal muscle have been reported. However, the regulation of this vitamin D system in horse skeletal muscle after high-intensity exercise has not yet been elucidated.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of high-intensity exercise on the expression of vitamin D system-related proteins in horse skeletal muscle and its associations with skeletal muscle stem cell (SMSC) activity and serum 25(OH)D level.

Effect of ferritin on nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus nodules under various iron concentrations.

In the nitrogen fixation process, iron plays a vital role by being part of many symbiotic proteins, such as nitrogenase and leghemoglobin, in an active symbiosis. Excess or insufficient iron in active nitrogen fixation negatively affects the entire process. In Lotus japonicus nodules, ferritin is expressed at the initial stages of nodule development and increases at the nodule senescence stage to mobilize iron release during that stage.

Chronic Atlantoaxial Luxation Imaging Features in a Pony with Intermittent Neck Stiffness.

A 17-year-old mixed breed pony was presented with intermittent neck stiffness during regular training rides in the six months preceding its admission. All parameters were within the normal range, except for an increase in heart rate (48 bpm) during the examination. Concave areas were observed at the level between the atlas and axis vertebrae (C1-C2) on both the left and right sides of the neck.

Comparative liver metabolic enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 and glutathione-S-transferase in crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) and livestock.

This study aimed to compare the metabolism of detoxification liver enzymes activity of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, the GST enzymes activity for class pi, mu, alfa, and the universal GST between crocodile and livestock, plus the relationship of these two enzyme activities in the crocodile. Interestingly, the CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 were existent in the freshwater crocodile livers microsomal enzyme activities, and these two enzymes could be determined in both pig and chicken. Also, the universal GST, alpha, mu, and pi class of phase II were presented in the crocodile liver cytosolic fractions, and these three enzymes could also be found in pig and chicken.

Pb, Cd, and Cu Play a Major Role in Health Risk from Contamination in Duck Meat and Offal for Food Production in Thailand.

Zinc, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Cu levels in duck meat from large-scale farms have been found to be significantly higher than those from free-grazing duck farms. Zinc, Co, Mn, Cr, and Cu contamination levels in duck liver from large-scale farms were significantly higher than those from free-grazing farms; only Cd in duck liver from free-grazing farms was higher than in liver samples from large-scale farms at P < 0.05.

QTL-seq identifies cooked grain elongation QTLs near soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzymes in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Grain quality is one of the main targets that rice breeders focus on to improve elite rice varieties. Several characteristics are considered when determine rice grain quality, such as aroma, amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT) and, especially, lengthwise grain elongation (GE). GE is a desirable feature in premium rice of high quality, such as India and Pakistan' Basmati.

Serratene triterpenoids and their biological activities from Lycopodiaceae plants.

The plants of Lycopodiaceae family, distributed across China, India and also Southeast Asia, have been used as folk medicines. The phytochemical constitutent studies of this family was widely reported. Serratene trierpenoids is one of phytochemical constitutent type, which have been mainly isolated from this plant family.

Types A and D Trichothecene Mycotoxins from the Fungus Myrothecium roridum.

Chromatographic separation of extracts from the fungal biomass of a plant pathogenic fungus, , yielded 8 trichothecene toxins including 6 type D trichothecenes (1: -6: ) and 2 type A trichothecenes (7: -8: ). 6',12'-Epoxymyrotoxin A (1: ) and 7'-hydroxymytoxin B (2: ) were new macrocyclic trichothecenes, while the other trichothecenes were identified as myrotoxin B (3: ), myrotoxin D hydrate (4: ), 2',3'-epoxymyrothecine A (5: ), miotoxin A (6: ), and 2 trichothecenes lacking the macrocyclic lactone system, roridin L-2 (7: ) and trichoverritone (8: ). The structures of these mycotoxins were characterized using spectroscopic methods.

Identification of spontaneous mutation for broad-spectrum brown planthopper resistance in a large, long-term fast neutron mutagenized rice population.

Background: The development of rice varieties with broad-spectrum resistance to insect pests is the most promising approach for controlling a fast evolving insect pest such as the brown planthopper (BPH). To cope with rapid evolution, discovering new sources of broad-spectrum resistance genes is the ultimate goal.

Results: We used a forward genetics approach to identify BPH resistance genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.

Antagonistic Activity against Dirty Panicle Rice Fungal Pathogens and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of BAS23.

Bacterial strain BAS23 was isolated from rice field soil and identified as . Based on dual culture method results, the bacterium BAS23 exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory activity on mycelial growth against a broad range of dirty panicle fungal pathogens of rice ( and ). Cell-free culture of BAS23 displayed a significant effect on germ tube elongation and mycelial growth.