Gut microbiota and SCFAs improve the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in NSCLC.

The role of gut dysbiosis in shaping immunotherapy responses is well-recognized, yet its effect on the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations remains poorly understood. We analyzed gut microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy, comparing responders and non-responders using 16S rRNA sequencing. Responders showed higher microbial richness and abundance of specific genera like Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum, and the phylum Firmicutes.

Intraosseous vs. intravenous access in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a critical emergency with low survival rates despite advancements in prehospital care. Timely vascular access for medication administration is essential, with intravenous (IV) and intraosseous (IO) access as primary strategies. While IO offers rapid and reliable access under challenging conditions, its effectiveness compared to IV access remains uncertain.

Repair and Transformation.

This article investigates the importance of storytelling for human well-being. Special attention is given to the roles storytelling has played in human evolution, how sharing stories informs embodied experiences, and the role of storytelling within medicine to promote health.

Partner Violence and Substance-Related Service Use: Differences by HIV Status Among Women.

Introduction: Substance use disorders are prevalent among women living with HIV and women experiencing intimate partner violence. The study aimed to examine the association between intimate partner violence and substance-related service utilization among women living with and without HIV.

Methods: Utilizing Women's Interagency HIV Study (2013-2019) data, linear regression models in 2023-2024 estimated the association between recent and lifetime intimate partner violence and drug- and alcohol-related service utilization among women reporting substance use.

Older Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiology in the United States: 2000-2021.

Background: As the United States population ages, the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among older adults are on the rise.

Aims: This study provides updated estimates of the IBD burden in older adults and examines changes from 2000 to 2021.

Methods: We analyzed data on IBD incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in older adults (> 70 years) in the United States from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, stratified by sex and state.

Comparison of endoscopic and surgical gastrojejunostomy in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a national cohort analysis (2016-2020).

Background And Aims: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is an unfortunate adverse event of advanced upper GI malignancies. Historically, surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) has been the procedure of choice to achieve enteral bypass. Recently, endoscopic techniques have gained popularity in the management of MGOO.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest-Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States.

Objective: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is projected to be the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States in 2040. We examine the burden of PLC in the United States, stratified by sex, state and aetiological risk factors.

Methods: Data on PLC prevalence, incidence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Metformin mitigates dementia risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

This mini-narrative review explores the relationship between diabetes and dementia, focusing on the potential mitigating role of metformin in reducing cognitive decline among individuals with type 2 diabetes. The interplay of factors such as glycemic control, diabetic complications, and lifestyle influences characterises diabetes-related dementia. This review emphasises the significance of comprehensive diabetes management in addressing the heightened risk of dementia in this population.

Esophageal leiomyoma within an epinephric diverticulum.

Epinephric diverticula are distal esophageal pouches protruding from the epithelial lining of the esophagus while esophageal leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle lesions that constitute a significant percentage of all gastrointestinal leiomyomas. Epinephric diverticula and esophageal leiomyomas are common individually but their co-existence is rare. Moreover, they present asymptomatically but can occasionally present with complains of dysphagia and weight loss.

Assessing the Impact of Comorbid Hypercalcemia on Inpatient Outcomes of Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma During Admission for Chemotherapy.

Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) may be complicated by hypercalcemia at various stages of treatment. The impact of hypercalcemia on chemotherapy admission outcomes in DLBCL is not well described.  Methods In a retrospective analysis, using the National Inpatient Sample database (2018 - 2020), patients with DLBCL admitted for chemotherapy were dichotomized based on the presence of hypercalcemia.

Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) antigen is overexpressed in Kaposi Sarcoma and is regulated by KSHV vFLIP.

In people living with HIV, Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), a vascular neoplasm caused by KS herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Individuals living with HIV, receiving otherwise effective antiretroviral therapy, may present with extensive disease requiring chemotherapy. Hence, new therapeutic approaches are needed.