Effect of Personalized Risk Messages on Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Providing personalized risk information to patients and their providers could improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.

Objective: To determine whether providing information on patient risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN; which includes CRC and advanced precancerous lesions) to patients and providers affects screening uptake, and to identify effect moderators.

Design: Randomized controlled trial (2 × 2 factorial design).

AI-driven WHO 2021 classification of gliomas based only on H&E-stained slides.

Background: The WHO 2021 classification criteria for adult diffuse glioma integrate histology with molecular profiling for conclusive diagnosis. Since molecular profiling can be expensive and time-consuming, often necessitating outsourcing or leading to the 'not otherwise specified (NOS) label', this study develops an AI-driven WHO 2021 classification of gliomas solely from H&E whole-slide images (WSIs).

Methods: Our pipeline is based on a multi-institutional dataset reclassified per WHO 2021 guidelines.

Insulin-like growth factor-neutralizing antibodies for cancer therapy.

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is crucial for regulating cell growth, survival, and differentiation. While therapies targeting the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have shown limited clinical success as single agents, the abnormal expression of its ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, has been shown to contribute significantly to resistance against IGF-1R-targeted treatments. This review explores recent advancements in neutralizing antibodies against IGF-I and/or IGF-II, including monoclonal antibody, bispecific antibodies and engineered antibody domains.

Enhanced hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and engraftment through human lung exosomal communication.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential for sustaining the hematopoietic system throughout an individual's life. Within the HSC hierarchy, long-term HSCs are at the apex, maintaining the system by their unique capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell lineages. Traditionally, it was believed that long-term HSC homeostasis is solely regulated within the bone marrow niche.

Hsp90 and Isoform-Selective Inhibitors as Sensitizers for Cancer Immunotherapy.

The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are molecular chaperones that regulate the stability and maturation of numerous client proteins implicated in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Despite the potential of -Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics, their clinical development has been hindered by on-target toxicities, particularly ocular and cardiotoxic effects, as well as the induction of pro-survival, compensatory heat shock responses. Together, these and other complications have prompted the development of isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors.

Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Rare Lung Tumors: Adenosquamous Carcinoma and Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma.

In 2025, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women. Although the advent of immunotherapy and targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of NSCLC, treatments for rare histologic types such as adenosquamous carcinoma and pulmonary carcinosarcoma remain limited owing to insufficient data on molecular profiling. As such, knowledge of the molecular characteristics of rare tumors to inform treatment modalities for targeted approaches is desperately needed.

Interpretable artificial intelligence based determination of glioma IDH mutation status directly from histology slides.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status is a diagnostic requirement for glioma with associated prognostic and therapeutic implications. Clinical routine visual assessment of tissue is insufficient to determine IDH status conclusively, mandating molecular workup that is unavailable everywhere.

Methods: We developed an interpretable Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based approach for determining IDH status directly from H&E-stained glioma slides.

Randomized phase II study of consolidation immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab or nivolumab alone following concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Big Ten Cancer Research Consortium LUN16-081.

Background: For unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the optimal duration and regimen of consolidation immunotherapy following chemoradiation is unknown. Despite improved outcomes with 12 months of durvalumab, which has become the standard of care, new strategies to improve survival are needed. This study evaluates dual immunotherapy in the consolidation setting following concurrent chemoradiation as well as a shorter (6 months) treatment duration.

Comparative analysis of 3D culture methodologies in prostate cancer cells.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are increasingly utilized in cancer research to better replicate in vivo tumor microenvironments. This study examines the effects of different 3D scaffolding materials, including Matrigel, GelTrex, and the plant-based GrowDex, on prostate cancer cell lines, with a particular emphasis on neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Four cell lines (LNCaP, LASCPC-01, PC-3, and KUCaP13) were cultured in these scaffolds using the sandwich method to evaluate spheroid formation, cell viability, and gene expression.

Unraveling the Regulatory Function of MicroRNAs in Reproductive System Apoptosis and Their Implications for Infertility.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression and are essential in numerous biological functions, including reproductive functions. Alterations in miRNA expression can affect ovarian function, sperm development, and implantation processes, potentially leading to different diseases and consequently infertility. Researches have indicated that certain microRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of hormones and proteins that are vital for reproductive processes, suggesting that dysregulation of these miRNAs may contribute to infertility in both men and women.

Informatics at the Frontier of Cancer Research.

Digitized healthcare data, high-throughput profiling technologies, and data repositories have facilitated the emergence of a new era of cancer research. Each data stream requires specialized analysis methods for interpretation. The data-driven era of cancer research requires the development, enhancement, and sustainment of informatics technology software infrastructure, including fundamental methodology development in artificial intelligence and data science.

Palazestrant, a novel oral Complete Estrogen Receptor Antagonist (CERAN) and Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD), in patients with ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer: phase 1/2 study results.

Background: Endocrine resistance is a major challenge in treating patients with ER+ /HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) necessitating a switch from endocrine therapy to more toxic therapies. Mutations in ESR1 constitute a key mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy in ER+ /HER2- BC. Therapies that overcome endocrine resistance are needed.

Fidelity of Next-Generation Sequencing to Predict Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Overexpression Across Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) has recently become a pan-tumor-agnostic target after the approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for solid tumors with HER2 overexpression (3+). HER2 positivity is currently assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or amplification through in situ hybridization (ISH), owing to the fact that HER2 overexpression is secondary to HER2 gene amplification in many cases. Outside of breast/gastroesophageal cancer, the optimal IHC scoring method to assess overexpression across solid tumors remains undefined.

A haploinsufficiency restoration strategy corrects neurobehavioral deficits in Nf1+/- mice.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene resulting in the loss of function of neurofibromin, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Ras. While the malignant manifestations of NF1 are associated with loss of heterozygosity of the residual WT allele, the nonmalignant neurodevelopmental sequelae, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent morbidities that occur in the setting of neurofibromin haploinsufficiency. We reasoned that augmenting endogenous levels of WT neurofibromin could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to correct the neurodevelopmental manifestations of NF1.

Modulating hormonally upregulated neu-associated kinase (HUNK) activity in breast cancer: The development of HUNK inhibitors.

Hormonally upregulated neu-associated kinase (HUNK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase in the sucrose non-fermenting 1/AMP-activated protein kinase family that promotes cell survival and plays an important role in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Robust methods to alter HUNK expression and activity are currently in use to advance our understanding of this kinase and its function. However, despite its role in the aggressive triple-negative cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ breast cancer subtypes, targeted pharmacological inhibition of HUNK is still in its infancy.

Dietary impacts on prostate cancer immunotherapy.

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. While early-stage disease is readily treated, advanced-stage prostate cancer has a poor survival rate and limited effective therapies. Immunotherapy has achieved significant success in other malignancies, but prostate cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive, "cold" tumor microenvironment that blunts immunotherapy efficacy.

High Kin17 expression is correlated with metastasis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BackgroundKin17 is critical in regulating the proliferation and metastasis of tumors in various malignancies. However, the relationship between Kin17 expression, clinicopathologic features, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis remains unclear.MethodsThe analysis of Kin17 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression involved the utilization of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset through the platforms the University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis portal (UALCAN) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Restraining the killers: regulation of T cell quiescence.

Active regulation of T cell quiescence is important to sustain immune responses to vaccination and infection while preventing inappropriate responses such as autoimmunity. Recent studies highlight that quiescence in naïve T cells is actively regulated by transcription factors and tonic signaling. Loss of quiescence in aged T cells has significant consequences because the cells are less responsive to infection or vaccination.

Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Prognostic Stratification of Patients With Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant adult tumor of the central nervous system, with a grim prognosis and heterogeneous morphologic and molecular profiles. Since the adoption of the current standard-of-care treatment in 2005, no substantial prognostic improvement has been noticed. In this study, we seek the identification of prognostically relevant GBM characteristics from routinely acquired hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images (WSIs) and clinical data, which when integrated via advanced computational methods could yield improved patient prognostic stratification and hence optimize clinical decision making and patient management.

Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Coronary Artery Calcium Scores in Firefighters.

Objective: This study investigates the association between maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores in Indiana firefighters across different age groups.

Methods: Using cross-sectional data, multivariable linear regression was conducted to examine the relationship between VO 2 max and CAC, stratified by age (<45 and ≥45 years), with adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors.

Results: Higher VO 2 max was significantly associated with lower CAC scores in firefighters aged ≥45 years (β = -7.

Mitochondrial coupling efficiency and myofiber type related to blood pressure 22 h after high-intensity exercise in premenopausal women.

Previously we have shown that systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases in African American (AA) women but decreases in European American (EA) women ≈22 h after a high-intensity exercise bout, suggesting delayed recovery in the AA women. We, therefore, sought to determine whether myofiber type, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and mitochondrial coupling efficiency may contribute to elevated blood pressure in AA women following a bout of high-intensity exercise. Premenopausal EA (9) and AA (7) women were aerobically trained for 8-16 weeks and was evaluated.

Acceptance and commitment therapy in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer: patient and caregiver qualitative study.

Objectives: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a promising behavioural intervention to improve quality of life in patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers. Little qualitative research has examined the effects of ACT in cancer populations. Thus, this qualitative study examined the perceived impact of ACT, including mindfulness practice and values-based action, on patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and their family caregivers.

Gastric Cancer, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over 95% of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are typically classified based on anatomic location and histologic type. Gastric cancer generally carries a poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.