Outcomes of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in severely injured adult trauma patients with isolated thoracic or abdominal trauma in Hemorrhagic shock.

Background: There is conflicting literature regarding mortality outcomes associated with REBOA usage in patients with severe thoracic or abdominal trauma. Our study aims to assess the benefits and negative implications of REBOA use in adult trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock with severe thoracic or abdominal injuries.

Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File (ACS-TQIP-PUF) database from 2017 to 2023 to evaluate adult patients with severe isolated thoracic or abdominal trauma undergoing REBOA placement.

Enhanced Charge-Sensitive Amplifier Performance Leads to Substantially Reduced CD-MS Measurement Times for Charge State Resolution.

In charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) ions are trapped in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) where they oscillate back and forth through a conducting cylinder. The oscillating ions induce a periodic charge separation that is detected by a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) connected to the cylinder. The resulting time domain signal is analyzed using short-time Fourier transforms to give the mass-to-charge ratio and charge for each ion, which are then multiplied to give the mass.

Natural history and development of a novel composite endpoint in patients with alcohol-associated Hepatitis: Data from a prospective multicenter study.

Background: The clinical course and outcomes of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) remain poorly understood. Major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) do not capture the added risk of return to drinking (RTD). We examined the natural history of AH and developed a composite endpoint using a contemporary observational cohort of AH.

Modeling human retinal ganglion cell axonal outgrowth, development, and pathology using pluripotent stem cell-based microfluidic platforms.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are highly compartmentalized neurons whose long axons serve as the sole connection between the eye and the brain. In both injury and disease, RGC degeneration occurs in a similarly compartmentalized manner, with distinct molecular and cellular responses in the axonal and somatodendritic regions. The goal of this study was to establish a microfluidic-based platform to investigate RGC compartmentalization in both health and disease states.

GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist (IUB447) enhances insulin secretion via GLP-1 receptor and Gαq signalling pathway in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: Unimolecular peptides targeting the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (GCG) have been shown to improve glycaemic management in both mice and humans. Yet the identity of the downstream signalling events mediated by these peptides remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to assess the mechanisms by which a validated peptide triagonist for GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptors (IUB447) stimulates insulin secretion in murine pancreatic islets.

Teaching and Evaluating Health Assessment Competencies in Entry-Level and Advanced-Level Nursing Programs.

Background: The shift to competency-based education (CBE) creates a need to examine methods of teaching and evaluating physical health assessment competencies in entry-level and advanced-level nursing courses.

Method: A national survey, guided by backward design, gathered data on behaviors indicative of physical assessment competency, assessment strategies, and teaching and learning approaches that foster competency development.

Results: Respondents from 54 entry-level and 27 advanced-level programs completed the survey.

Observational Study: Lung Function and Symptom Control in Youth With Asthma up to 34 Months After COVID-19.

Introduction: Prior studies of pediatric asthma control and lung function after COVID-19 have been limited by short follow-up intervals. We aimed to evaluate symptom control and lung function in children with asthma up to 34 months post-COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational chart review study.

Migratory Strategy is a Key Factor Driving Interactions at Wind Energy Facilities in At-Risk North American Bats.

Animal migration remains poorly understood for many organisms, impeding understanding of movement dynamics and limiting conservation actions. We develop a framework that scales from movements of individuals to the dynamics of continental migration using data synthesis of endogenous markers, which we apply to three North American bat species with unexplained high rates of fatalities at wind energy facilities. The two species experiencing the highest fatality rates exhibit a "pell-mell" migration strategy in which individuals move from summer habitats in multiple directions, both to higher and lower latitudes, during autumn.

Comparative Analysis of Bone vs. Tooth Anchored Maxillary Protraction in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Management of class III malocclusion in patients with cleft is geared toward improving the maxillary position with maxillary protraction therapy with or without bone anchorage. This study aims at evaluating the effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) and tooth-anchored maxillary protraction (TAMP) appliances in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). A search of PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and ClinicalTrials.

Climate, Rotation, and Tillage Impacts on Soybean Yield Gains in a 50-Year Experiment.

Understanding how interactive management practices and climatic behavior influence soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity is imperative to inform future production systems under changing climate.

Navigating complexity: How shifting abortion regulations impacted prenatal genetic counselors practicing in restrictive states from 2020 to 2024.

The 2022 Supreme Court of the United States' decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization eliminated federal abortion protections, returning abortion regulation to the states. However, in many states, abortion was already heavily restricted prior to this decision.

SOX2 Is the Most Sensitive Biomarker in Testicular and Gynecologic Embryonic-type Neuroectodermal Tumors (ENT) Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Biomarker Expression.

Embryonic-type neuroectodermal tumor (ENT; previously referred to as primitive neuroectodermal tumor, PNET) of the testis and gynecologic tract share morphologic features with small round blue cell tumors, including Ewing sarcoma (ES), yet are biologically, therapeutically, and prognostically distinct. The diagnosis of ENT can be challenging, and it is unclear if there are reliable biomarkers that can be used to confirm this diagnosis. This study characterized 50 ENTs arising from the testis (n=38) and gynecologic tract (n=12; 7 ovary/5 uterus) with 27 biomarkers (AE1/AE3, ATRX, CD99, chromogranin-A, Cyclin D1, Fli-1, GFAP, GLUT-1, IDH1/2, INSM1, MTAP, NANOG, Nestin, neurofilament, NKX2.

Enhancing patient-specific quality assurance for VMAT for breast cancer treatment: A machine learning approach for gamma passing rate (GPR) prediction.

Background: Modern radiation therapy for breast cancer has significantly advanced with the adoption of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), offering enhanced precision and improved treatment efficiency.

Purpose: To ensure the accuracy and precision of such complex treatments, a robust patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) protocol is essential. This study investigates the potential of machine learning (ML) models to predict gamma passing rates (GPR), a key metric in PSQA.

Implementation of Diaper Insecurity Screening.

Objective: To describe the integration of routine diaper insecurity screening and diaper resource program within a safety net health system and to report diaper insecurity prevalence, demographic characteristics, co-existing social drivers of health (SDOH), and associated health outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 urban Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC). Pediatric patients, aged 0 to 36 months, were screened for diaper insecurity from June 2022 to July 2024.

Ubiquitous Chiral Symmetry Breaking of Conjugated Polymers via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.

Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking remains a fascination in chemistry, biology, materials science, and even astronomy. Chiral symmetry breaking usually requires intrinsic molecular chirality or extrinsic chiral sources but remains rare in nonchiral systems. Here, we reveal a ubiquitous, entropy-driven chiral symmetry breaking mechanism observed in 22 out of 35 conjugated polymers in the absence of any chiral source─a phenomenon overlooked for decades.

Evaluating Long-Term Effectiveness of Cystic Fibrosis Modulator Therapies After Rapid Adoption: A Dual-Approach Study.

Rationale: Modulator therapies like ivacaftor have revolutionized clinical management of cystic fibrosis (CF), showing marked short-term benefits in trials but heterogeneous findings in long-term observational studies. Since newer modulators have become the standard of care for the majority living with CF in the U.S.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects in Spin Blocking of CO Coordination Reactions.

The iron(I) dinitrogen complex PhB(AdIm)FeN, which is supported by a very bulky 1-adamantyl-substituted tris(carbene)borate ligand, reacts with equimolar CO at low temperature to afford the high spin ( = 3/2) complex PhB(AdIm)Fe(CO). This monocarbonyl complex reacts with additional CO to afford the low spin ( = 1/2) dicarbonyl complex PhB(AdIm)Fe(CO). By contrast, the high spin iron(I) tris(pyrazolyl)borate complex TpFe(CO) does not react with additional CO.

Targeted perimetry for mapping the shape of glaucomatous arcuate scotomata.

Purpose: Recent work has shown potential benefits for perimetry with dense spacing. To investigate the impact of normal inhomogeneity of perimetric sensitivity on perimetry with dense spacing, suprathreshold perimetry was used near the optic disc where shadows of blood vessels affect sensitivity in healthy eyes.

Methods: Three groups of participants were tested: 58 healthy older controls, 29 healthy younger controls and 18 patients with glaucoma.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Test the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability of iPREPARED; A Mobile Health Technology for Patients and Care Partners.

Background: Family participation in the delivery of nonpharmacological measures has shown in past studies to prevent 17-75% of incident delirium. A scalable and sustainable method to partner with family (i.e.