Enhanced Charge-Sensitive Amplifier Performance Leads to Substantially Reduced CD-MS Measurement Times for Charge State Resolution.

In charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) ions are trapped in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) where they oscillate back and forth through a conducting cylinder. The oscillating ions induce a periodic charge separation that is detected by a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) connected to the cylinder. The resulting time domain signal is analyzed using short-time Fourier transforms to give the mass-to-charge ratio and charge for each ion, which are then multiplied to give the mass.

Dual Apodization Maximizes Charge Resolution and Frequency Precision in Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) is a single-particle technique in which the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurements of their / ratio and charge. Ions are trapped in an electrostatic linear ion trap and oscillate back and forth through a detection cylinder coupled to a low noise charge sensitive amplifier. The resulting signal is analyzed using short-time Fourier transforms (STFTs) to determine the / ratio and charge.

Coupling of Size Exclusion Chromatography to High Throughput Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Large Proteins and Virus-like Particles.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) is an emerging single-particle technique where both the / and charge are measured individually to determine each ion's mass. It is particularly well-suited for analyzing high mass and heterogeneous samples. With conventional MS, the loss of charge state resolution with high mass samples has hindered the direct coupling of MS to separation techniques like size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and forced the use of lower resolution detectors.

Multiple Ion Charge Extraction (MICE) for High-Throughput Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) is a single-particle technique, where the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurements of their mass-to-charge ratio (/) and charge. The ions are trapped in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) and oscillate back and forth through a conducting cylinder connected to a charge-sensitive amplifier. The oscillating ions generate a periodic signal that is processed with fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) to obtain the oscillation frequency (which is related to /) and magnitude (which is proportional to the charge).