Age-related amyloid beta dynamics modeled with the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) across diverse populations: Cross-sectional trajectories and longitudinal validation.

Introduction: We developed and validated age-related amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) trajectories using a statistical model in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.

Methods: We analyzed 849 CU Korean and 521 CU non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants after propensity score matching. Aβ PET trajectories were modeled using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) based on baseline data and validated with longitudinal data.

Preclinical dementia rating scores are associated with plasma phosphorylated tau-217.

Introduction: Simple screening tools are critical for assessing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pre-dementia changes. This study investigated longitudinal scores from the Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS), a brief study partner-reported measure, in relation to baseline levels of the AD biomarker plasma pTau217 in individuals unimpaired at baseline.

Methods: Data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (N = 639) were used to examine whether baseline plasma pTau217 (ALZpath assay on Quanterix platform) modified QDRS or Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC3) trajectories (mixed-effects models; time = age).

Defining breast epithelial cell types in the single-cell era.

Single-cell studies on breast tissue have contributed to a change in our understanding of breast epithelial diversity that has, in turn, precipitated a lack of consensus on breast cell types. The confusion surrounding this issue highlights a possible challenge for advancing breast atlas efforts. In this perspective, we present our consensus on the identities, properties, and naming conventions for breast epithelial cell types and propose goals for future atlas endeavors.

The risk and impact of family violence on the intergenerational transmission of school bullying among Chinese children and adolescents.

Background: Family violence-comprising both child maltreatment and interparental violence-is a pervasive global public-health concern that disproportionately affects children and adolescents. In China, current and nationally representative prevalence estimates remain scarce, impeding evidence-based prevention.

Objective: This study examines the prevalence and consequences of witnessing only, experiencing only, and concurrently witnessing and experiencing family violence among Chinese children and adolescents, with a specific focus on school bullying.

Outcomes of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in severely injured adult trauma patients with isolated thoracic or abdominal trauma in Hemorrhagic shock.

Background: There is conflicting literature regarding mortality outcomes associated with REBOA usage in patients with severe thoracic or abdominal trauma. Our study aims to assess the benefits and negative implications of REBOA use in adult trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock with severe thoracic or abdominal injuries.

Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File (ACS-TQIP-PUF) database from 2017 to 2023 to evaluate adult patients with severe isolated thoracic or abdominal trauma undergoing REBOA placement.

Enhanced Charge-Sensitive Amplifier Performance Leads to Substantially Reduced CD-MS Measurement Times for Charge State Resolution.

In charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) ions are trapped in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) where they oscillate back and forth through a conducting cylinder. The oscillating ions induce a periodic charge separation that is detected by a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) connected to the cylinder. The resulting time domain signal is analyzed using short-time Fourier transforms to give the mass-to-charge ratio and charge for each ion, which are then multiplied to give the mass.

Natural history and development of a novel composite endpoint in patients with alcohol-associated Hepatitis: Data from a prospective multicenter study.

Background: The clinical course and outcomes of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) remain poorly understood. Major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) do not capture the added risk of return to drinking (RTD). We examined the natural history of AH and developed a composite endpoint using a contemporary observational cohort of AH.

Modeling human retinal ganglion cell axonal outgrowth, development, and pathology using pluripotent stem cell-based microfluidic platforms.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are highly compartmentalized neurons whose long axons serve as the sole connection between the eye and the brain. In both injury and disease, RGC degeneration occurs in a similarly compartmentalized manner, with distinct molecular and cellular responses in the axonal and somatodendritic regions. The goal of this study was to establish a microfluidic-based platform to investigate RGC compartmentalization in both health and disease states.

GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist (IUB447) enhances insulin secretion via GLP-1 receptor and Gαq signalling pathway in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: Unimolecular peptides targeting the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (GCG) have been shown to improve glycaemic management in both mice and humans. Yet the identity of the downstream signalling events mediated by these peptides remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to assess the mechanisms by which a validated peptide triagonist for GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptors (IUB447) stimulates insulin secretion in murine pancreatic islets.

Teaching and Evaluating Health Assessment Competencies in Entry-Level and Advanced-Level Nursing Programs.

Background: The shift to competency-based education (CBE) creates a need to examine methods of teaching and evaluating physical health assessment competencies in entry-level and advanced-level nursing courses.

Method: A national survey, guided by backward design, gathered data on behaviors indicative of physical assessment competency, assessment strategies, and teaching and learning approaches that foster competency development.

Results: Respondents from 54 entry-level and 27 advanced-level programs completed the survey.

Observational Study: Lung Function and Symptom Control in Youth With Asthma up to 34 Months After COVID-19.

Introduction: Prior studies of pediatric asthma control and lung function after COVID-19 have been limited by short follow-up intervals. We aimed to evaluate symptom control and lung function in children with asthma up to 34 months post-COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational chart review study.

Migratory Strategy is a Key Factor Driving Interactions at Wind Energy Facilities in At-Risk North American Bats.

Animal migration remains poorly understood for many organisms, impeding understanding of movement dynamics and limiting conservation actions. We develop a framework that scales from movements of individuals to the dynamics of continental migration using data synthesis of endogenous markers, which we apply to three North American bat species with unexplained high rates of fatalities at wind energy facilities. The two species experiencing the highest fatality rates exhibit a "pell-mell" migration strategy in which individuals move from summer habitats in multiple directions, both to higher and lower latitudes, during autumn.

Comparative Analysis of Bone vs. Tooth Anchored Maxillary Protraction in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Management of class III malocclusion in patients with cleft is geared toward improving the maxillary position with maxillary protraction therapy with or without bone anchorage. This study aims at evaluating the effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) and tooth-anchored maxillary protraction (TAMP) appliances in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). A search of PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and ClinicalTrials.

Climate, Rotation, and Tillage Impacts on Soybean Yield Gains in a 50-Year Experiment.

Understanding how interactive management practices and climatic behavior influence soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity is imperative to inform future production systems under changing climate.

Navigating complexity: How shifting abortion regulations impacted prenatal genetic counselors practicing in restrictive states from 2020 to 2024.

The 2022 Supreme Court of the United States' decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization eliminated federal abortion protections, returning abortion regulation to the states. However, in many states, abortion was already heavily restricted prior to this decision.

SOX2 Is the Most Sensitive Biomarker in Testicular and Gynecologic Embryonic-type Neuroectodermal Tumors (ENT) Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Biomarker Expression.

Embryonic-type neuroectodermal tumor (ENT; previously referred to as primitive neuroectodermal tumor, PNET) of the testis and gynecologic tract share morphologic features with small round blue cell tumors, including Ewing sarcoma (ES), yet are biologically, therapeutically, and prognostically distinct. The diagnosis of ENT can be challenging, and it is unclear if there are reliable biomarkers that can be used to confirm this diagnosis. This study characterized 50 ENTs arising from the testis (n=38) and gynecologic tract (n=12; 7 ovary/5 uterus) with 27 biomarkers (AE1/AE3, ATRX, CD99, chromogranin-A, Cyclin D1, Fli-1, GFAP, GLUT-1, IDH1/2, INSM1, MTAP, NANOG, Nestin, neurofilament, NKX2.

Enhancing patient-specific quality assurance for VMAT for breast cancer treatment: A machine learning approach for gamma passing rate (GPR) prediction.

Background: Modern radiation therapy for breast cancer has significantly advanced with the adoption of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), offering enhanced precision and improved treatment efficiency.

Purpose: To ensure the accuracy and precision of such complex treatments, a robust patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) protocol is essential. This study investigates the potential of machine learning (ML) models to predict gamma passing rates (GPR), a key metric in PSQA.