Machine learning based classification of imagined speech electroencephalogram data from the amplitude and phase spectrum of frequency domain EEG signal.

Imagined speech classification involves decoding brain signals to recognize verbalized thoughts or intentions without actual speech production. This technology has significant implications for individuals with speech impairments, offering a means to communicate through neural signals. The prime objective of this work is to propose an innovative machine learning (ML) based classification methodology that combines electroencephalogram (EEG) data augmentation using a sliding window technique with statistical feature extraction from the amplitude and phase spectrum of frequency domain EEG segments.

Dual-Analyte Selective Electrochemical Detection of Phenylbutazone and Sulfamethoxazole Using Bio-Engineered BiS-ZnO Nanocomposites.

Simultaneous sensing and quantification of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are crucial for protecting the environment and maintaining long-term ecological sustainability. This study focuses on the bio-based synthesis of BiS-ZnO nanocomposites (BiS-ZnO(bio)) using bio-extract for dual-analyte selective and simultaneous electrochemical monitoring of phenylbutazone (PBZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in the environmental matrices. BiS-ZnO(bio) exhibited ZnO(bio) nanostructures embedded on BiS(bio) nanorods with an average rod length of 1409.

Development of 3D Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Sono-Photodynamic Therapy against Prostate Cancer.

This study focuses on designing and developing a novel three-dimensional porphyrinic covalent organic framework (3D-Por-COF) to enhance anticancer sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT). Leveraging the unique structural advantages of 3D COFs, this work addresses the limitations of traditional 2D-Por-COFs, particularly regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and therapeutic efficacy. The newly developed 3D-Por-COF demonstrated significantly higher ROS generation under combined sonodynamic and photodynamic conditions, leading to an improved therapeutic effect against prostate cancer cells.

A genetically encoded nanobody sensor reveals conformational diversity in β-arrestins orchestrated by distinct seven transmembrane receptors.

Agonist-induced interaction of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with β-arrestins (βarrs) is a critical mechanism that regulates the spatiotemporal pattern of receptor localization and signaling. While the underlying mechanism governing GPCR-βarr interaction is primarily conserved and involves receptor activation and phosphorylation, there are several examples of receptor-specific fine-tuning of βarr-mediated functional outcomes. Considering the key contribution of conformational plasticity of βarrs in driving receptor-specific functional responses, it is important to develop novel sensors capable of reporting distinct βarr conformations in cellular context.

Comparative Genome Analysis and Characterization of Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei NKN344 Strain Isolated from Curd of Buffalo Milk Reared on Brackish Water Lagoons of the Eastern Indian Coast.

Ethnic fermented foods represent a significant repository for discovering novel probiotic entities. These fermented foods, entrenched in indigenous practices, have conserved a distinct microbiota through generations. Exploration of these fermented foods could yield microbial consortia capable of transforming human health.

p62/SQSTM1 signaling nexus and orchestration of ERK and mTOR pathways are crucial for Bacoside A- induced autophagy-mediated apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Bacoside A (BCA), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects. In the present study, BCA demonstrates pronounced anticancer activity against K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells by modulating autophagy-apoptosis dynamics. BCA induces dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in K562 cells while sparing normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and Vero cells, indicating therapeutic selectivity.

Rhodium(II) catalysed highly diastereoselective synthesis of indolyl-pyrrolo[2,1-]isoindoles from phthalimide-derived -sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and indoles.

A synthetic method has been developed for the diastereoselective domino synthesis of indolyl-pyrrolo[2,1-]isoindoles from phthalimide-derived -sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and indoles. The reaction proceeds ring chain isomerization of triazoles to give α-imino diazo compounds. Then, denitrogenative generation of α-imino Rh(II) carbenes followed by intramolecular oxygen insertion and nucleophilic addition of indoles delivers the indolyl-pyrrolo[2,1-]isoindoles.

Contrastive Study on Substitution of the Bulky Phosphanide [P(SiPr)] toward Heavier Tetrylenes.

The super bulky sodium phosphanide, NaP(SiPr), was reacted with amidinatotetrylenes LECl (L = PhC(NBu), E = Si, Ge), resulting in the formation of phosphasilene LSi(SiPr) = PSiPr () and phosphanido germylene LGeP(SiPr) (), respectively. Investigation on the reactivity of and toward elemental sulfur was carried out, where a stepwise reaction yielding the silanethione LSi(=S)SiPr () and the silicon thioester analogue LSi(=S)SSiPr () was observed in the case of , while the treatment of with sulfur exclusively afforded the germanium thioester analogue. In addition, the reactions of with Fe(CO) and GeCl·1,4-dioxane led to the germylene-coordinated iron carbonyl and the asymmetric Ge-Ge-bonded complex, respectively, exhibiting the reactivity of the lone pair as well as a weak Ge-P bond.

Wavelength Selective Single Molecule Photobase/Photoacid Generator Enabling Dynamic Control of Soft Matter Materials Functions.

Photoremovable protecting groups (PRPGs) enable precise spatiotemporal control over molecular release and functional activation. Recent advances have introduced wavelength-selective systems for sequential deprotection, broadening applications in drug delivery, material synthesis, and photopolymerization. In parallel, PRPGs play a crucial role in photobase generators (PBGs) and photoacid generators (PAGs), enabling oxygen-tolerant, spatially controlled polymerization and depolymerization through light-induced base and acid release.

Mechanistic insights into neosilyllithium-catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles, aldehydes, and esters: a DLPNO-CCSD(T) study.

Over the past few years, alkali and alkaline earth metals have emerged as alternative catalysts to transition metal organometallics to catalyze the hydroboration of unsaturated compounds. A highly selective and cost-effective lithium-catalyzed method for the synthesis of an organoborane has been established based on the addition of a B-H bond to an unsaturated bond (polarized or unpolarized) using pinacolborane (HBPin). In the present work, the neosilyllithium-catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles, aldehydes, and esters has been investigated using high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations to unravel the mechanistic pathways and substrate-dependent reactivity.

Ionic conductivity mechanisms in PEO-NaPF electrolytes.

Understanding ion transport mechanisms in sodium ion-based polymer electrolytes is critical, considering the emergence of sodium ion electrolyte technologies as sustainable alternatives to lithium-based systems. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the salt concentration () effects on ionic conductivity () mechanisms in sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF) in polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes. Sodium ions exhibit ion solvation shell characteristics comparable to those of lithium-based polymer electrolytes, with similar anion coordination but more populated oxygen coordination in the polymer matrix.

The puzzle of high lifetime and low stabilization of HO˙: rationalization and prediction.

One of the most important puzzles in atmospheric chemistry is the long-lifetime of HO˙ in spite of its low-stabilization energy. In the present work, we have estimated the lifetime of HO˙ using classical dynamics simulations by coupling an available neural-network analytical potential energy surface with a chemical dynamics program. The simulation results clearly indicate that at room temperature, the lifetime of HO˙ can exceed 1 μs under collision-free conditions.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Fe-Incorporation in Nickel(oxy)hydroxide Materials for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction - Employing Constant pH/U Models for Deeper Insights.

In this study, we seek to deepen the understanding of the Fe effect in Ni-oxyhydroxide-mediated oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis in alkaline conditions, where extremely small amounts of Fe can have a dramatic impact on catalytic performance. For this purpose, Density Functional Theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations with implicit solvation description is employed in a constant pH/potential simulation framework. Nanoparticle models are considered for the nickel-based oxyhydroxide material with different degrees of Fe incorporation, and the pH/U-dependent interface structure is studied.

An integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach for evaluating healthcare service quality: a provider-centric assessment.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present, from the service providers' perspective, a multi-level integrative approach toward prioritization of the factors that are important for healthcare service quality (HSQ). This is necessary to assign and apportion resources and attention to specific areas of concern and help in their improvement, leading to satisfying the overall objective of improving healthcare delivery in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach: We employed an integrated decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), interpretive structural modelling (ISM), and Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) approach to identify the key factors influencing HSQ.

Next-Generation Food Drying: Specialized and Smart Approaches to Boost Efficiency and Quality.

Drying is a critical unit operation in food processing, essential for extending shelf life, ensuring microbial safety, and preserving the nutritional and sensory attributes of food products. However, conventional convective drying techniques are often energy-intensive and lead to undesirable changes such as texture degradation, loss of bioactive compounds, and reduced product quality, thereby raising concerns regarding their sustainability and efficiency. In response, recent advancements have focused on the development of innovative drying technologies that offer energy-efficient, rapid, and quality-preserving alternatives.

Multimodal Therapeutic Approach Using Donor-Engineered AIE Photosensitizer to Combat Multifaceted Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, with current treatments offering only limited efficacy. Targeted photo-oxygenation of Aβ using small-molecule photosensitizers has emerged as a promising strategy to modulate amyloid aggregation and mitigate associated toxicity. In this work, the rational design and synthesis of donor-engineered, benzimidazole-functionalized aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer with optimized photophysical and morphological properties for multimodal theranostic applications in AD is analyzed and reported.

Non-Plasmonic Oxidase-Like Gold Nanocatalysts on Hydrogel Beads for Broad-Spectrum Water Decontamination.

The efficient and sustainable remediation of contaminated water calls for catalytic systems that must clean broadly, endure widely, and last repeatedly. In this regard, we report the development of sulfonate-functionalized core-shell hydrogel beads embedded with synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that exhibit intrinsic oxidase-like activity without requiring external light or chemical oxidants. The sulfonate ligands modulate the surface electronic environment of the AuNPs, facilitating singlet oxygen generation via a nonplasmonic, radiationless mechanism.

KCuS: A Layered Inorganic Chalcogenide Semiconductor as a Promising Light Absorber.

A potential replacement that alleviates the shortcomings of the dominant light absorber materials used in solar photovoltaics has been synthesized, and its microstructural, electronic structure, and optical properties have been investigated. KCuS crystals were synthesized by the carbonate method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) established [010] as the growth direction of the needle-like monoclinic crystals.

Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Coumarin-3-Derivatives from Aryl Alkynoates and Hydrazines.

We demonstrate a direct synthesis of coumarin-3 derivatives from aryl alkynoates and hydrazines in visible light, photocatalyzed by rose bengal. The method is facile, transition-metal-free, versatile, and furnishes various 3-functionalized coumarins such as ester, acyl, aryl, carbamoyl, and sulfonyl in moderate to good yields, with the respective hydrazine reagent serving as the radical precursor. Two anti-TB molecules, and , were synthesized using this method.

A Rapid Electrochemical Immunosensor Platform for the Sepsis-Associated Host and Pathogen Marker Dual Detection.

The study addresses the critical issue of sepsis diagnosis, a life-threatening condition triggered by the body's immune response to infection that leads to mortality. Current diagnostic methods rely on the time-consuming assessment of multiple biomarkers by a series of tests, leading to delayed treatment. Here, we report a platform for developing a point-of-care (POC) device utilizing electrochemical immunosensors for the dual and rapid detection of sepsis biomarkers: Procalcitonin (PCT), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as host markers and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a pathogen marker.

Chaos aided regime of laser/electromagnetic energy absorption by plasma.

The absorption of laser energy by plasma is of paramount importance for various applications. Collisional and resonant processes are often invoked for this purpose. However, in some contexts (e.

Electrochemical Oxidative Ring Opening of 1-Acetylindoline-3-one to Access α-Ketoamides.

The synthesis of α-ketoamides through oxidative ring opening of 1-acetylindoline-3-one under electrochemical conditions is reported. In an undivided cell, the reaction proceeds via the formation of an iminium ion intermediate, nucleophilic attack by a hydroxide ion, and subsequent ring opening through pre-existing C-N bond cleavage. The reaction in the presence of HO confirms that the amidic oxygen originated from the moisture present in the medium.

Femtosecond-laser-induced optical confinement with ping-pong motion.

We introduce a novel method using a kilohertz (kHz) amplified 800 nm laser for the first experimental confinement of microparticles within a single beam. This study demonstrates that high-energy kHz pulses can confine 1-μm-radius polystyrene beads in water within ∼26 μm. This approach utilizes the unique properties of high-energy pulsed lasers, distinct from continuous-wave and megahertz pulsed lasers traditionally used in optical trapping.

Quantum state-resolved rotational scattering of C5H+ by H2 in the interstellar medium.

The interstellar medium (ISM) is a complex and dynamic environment in which molecular collisions play a crucial role. Among these, protonated carbon chains are of great interest due to the presence of a permanent dipole moment and their relevance in describing astrochemical processes, making their detection possible in cold molecular clouds such as TMC-1. C5H+ (1Σg+) is an important molecule for understanding the formation and evolution of carbon-rich environments.