Quantum state-resolved rotational scattering of C5H+ by H2 in the interstellar medium.

The interstellar medium (ISM) is a complex and dynamic environment in which molecular collisions play a crucial role. Among these, protonated carbon chains are of great interest due to the presence of a permanent dipole moment and their relevance in describing astrochemical processes, making their detection possible in cold molecular clouds such as TMC-1. C5H+ (1Σg+) is an important molecule for understanding the formation and evolution of carbon-rich environments.

Emerging role of aqueous batteries in next generation energy-dense sustainable storage.

Aqueous metal batteries are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage, offering safer, more sustainable, and cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Leveraging earth-abundant metals such as zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and silicon, these systems benefit from non-flammable, water-based electrolytes and simplified manufacturing, making them attractive for grid-scale and off-grid applications. This review highlights recent progress in aqueous battery chemistries, including metal-ion, metal-sulfur, and metal-air systems, emphasizing advancements in electrode design, electrolyte engineering, and interface optimization to improve energy density and cycling stability.

Granular ball twin support vector machine with Universum data.

Support vector machines often underperform when limited to labelled target class data and demonstrate sensitivity to noise and outliers. To address these limitations, we propose the Granular Ball Twin Support Vector Machine with Universum Data (GBU-TSVM), which uniquely integrates Universum samples with granular ball computing in the TSVM framework. Unlike conventional TSVMs representing data as points in feature space, the proposed GBU-TSVM models instances as hyperballs, significantly improving robustness against noise while enhancing computational efficiency.

[7]Helicene-backboned quaternary ammonium salts: synthesis, photophysical investigation, and lysosomal tracking.

Polyaromatic quaternary ammonium salts (PQASs) are of significant interest due to their promising applications in biological and materials sciences. The incorporation of a heteroatom significantly modifies the electronic and chemical properties of these molecules, influencing their absorption and emission characteristics, as well as the HOMO-LUMO gap. Herein, we report the synthesis and photophysical investigation of [7]helicene-backboned quaternary ammonium salts.

A multifunctional electrospun nanofiber/hydrogel-based pro-healing bilayer dressing as a next generation biomaterial for skin wound care.

Infectious wounds present a significant challenge in healthcare due to the delay in wound healing and associated processes. Improper use of antibiotics makes this situation even worse due to antibiotic resistance. To meet the critical requirements of healing infectious wounds, we report a bilayer dressing (BL) that combines a hydrogel-based layer and an electrospun nanofiber-based layer together to mimic the dermal and epidermal architecture of normal skin.

Rational design of 2D-2D porphyrin metal-organic nanosheet/g-CN heterostructure for enhanced production of hydrogen under visible-light.

The development of heterojunction-based photocatalysts is a promising strategy to achieve enhanced green hydrogen (H) production by facilitating the competent separation of photo-induced charge carriers. In this context, two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic nanosheets (MONs) have garnered considerable attention owing to their unique properties of highly exposed active sites, ultrathin thickness, and large surface area. Especially, porphyrin-based 2D MONs have gained significant interest due to their optimum band structure and exceptional visible light harvesting properties.

Similar does not mean the same: ERP correlates of mental and physical experiencer verb processing in Malayalam complex constructions.

This study examined the neurophysiological correlates of processing mental experiencer verbs and physical experiencer verbs in Malayalam complex constructions, where the subject argument assumed the role of the experiencer. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded as 28 first-language speakers of Malayalam read intransitive sentences with the two types of experiencer verbs. The subject case either matched (acceptable) or violated (unacceptable) the requirements of the verb in the critical stimuli.

Noble-Metal-Free Cu(I)-Catalyzed sp and sp C-H Carboxylation to Produce High-Value Compounds via CO Fixation under Atmospheric Conditions.

The rise in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) emissions has significantly accelerated global environmental degradation, necessitating controlled measures to achieve carbon neutrality by utilizing CO as a C1 feedstock for the preparation of important commodity products and fuels. Herein, we demonstrate the rational design and preparation of a precious metal-free catalyst (Cu(I)@Zr-MOF) by anchoring Cu(I) ions to functionalized Zr-MOF. Notably, Cu(I)@Zr-MOF exhibited high selectivity for CO uptake with a surface area of 1083 m/g.

Numerical investigation on toxicity potential of PAHs emitted from hydrogen-diesel fueled dual-fuel engine.

This study numerically investigates the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and fuel-premixing ratio on the PAH emissions (naphthalene, benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, pyrene, benzo perylene, chrysene, and benzo [g,h,i]perylene), its precursors (such as CH, CH, CH, CH, CH, CH), and their toxicity potential from conventional diesel and hydrogen/diesel dual-fuel (HDDF) engine. The aim of this investigation is to understand the effect of EGR mass fraction and hydrogen energy share (HES) on the toxicity potential of PAHs and total PAH mass emission in conventional diesel and dual-fuel combustion under different loading conditions. This study is focused on the thermal, chemical, and dilution effects of EGR with and without HES on PAH formation.

Visible-Light-Driven Additive-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation of Furfural to Maleic Acid and Green Hydrogen.

Developing additive-free photocatalytic systems capable of simultaneously valorizing biomass and producing green hydrogen under visible light remains a key challenge in sustainable chemistry. Herein, a PdRu bimetallic Z-scheme photocatalyst (1.5Pd3Ru@OCN/WO) that selectively oxidizes furfural while splitting water, yielding a hydrogen evolution rate of 22.

Predicting cortical bone resorption in the mouse tibia under disuse conditions caused by transient muscle paralysis.

Load removal from the load-bearing bone, such as during extended space travel or prolonged bed rest, negatively affects bone health and leads to significant bone loss. However, the underlying principle that relates the bone loss to the lack of physiological loading is poorly understood. This work develops a mathematical model that predicts cortical bone loss at three sections along the length of a mouse tibia: distal, mid-section, and proximal.

F18 Promiscuous Epitope of Acr1 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces the Secretion of IL-10 and Tregs But Not IL-6.

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). It remains viable for extended periods within host macrophages by entering a dormant state. Alpha crystallin 1 (Acr1) is a 16 kDa protein of Mtb and is reported to be highly upregulated in latent TB.

Ultrabroadband nonlinear Hall rectifier using SnTe.

The rapid expansion of self-powered electronics in the Internet of Things, 6G communication and millimetre-wave systems calls for rectifiers capable of operating across ultrabroadband frequencies and at extremely low input power levels. However, conventional rectifiers based on semiconductor junctions face fundamental limitations such as parasitic capacitance and threshold voltages, preventing effective operation under broadband and ambient radio-frequency conditions. Here we present an ultrabroadband, zero-bias rectifier based on the nonlinear Hall effect in wafer-scale (001)-oriented topological crystalline insulator SnTe thin film.

Measurement of C-H distances in solids at natural abundance via proton-detected fast MAS NMR spectroscopy.

Measurement of heteronuclear distances from the radio-frequency (rf) pulse-based recoupling of NMR experiments is vital for structural refinement and dynamics studies at the atomic level. Despite advancements in the design and development of recoupling methods, the extraction of the directly-bonded heteronuclear XH distances in samples with XH moieties remains challenging. This is primarily due to the interference effects from the neighboring spins/local fields leading to distorted dipolar coupling powder lineshapes.

Interplay of electronic and magnetic phase modulation in a spin-polarised nanomagnet.

The 2H-phase of monolayer vanadium diselenide (VSe[Formula: see text]) has recently emerged as a very intriguing material in spintronics due to its intrinsic ferromagnetism with semiconducting properties. In the present work, first-principles based calculations have been employed to systematically study the electronic, magnetic, and optical behaviour of 2D VSe[Formula: see text] for investigating the impact of different external excitations such as strain, electric field, and pressure on the material. Specifically, the magnetic moment, band gap, Curie temperature (T[Formula: see text]), and absorption coefficient could be modulated, as the states near the Fermi level are mainly contributed by the in-plane atomic orbitals.

Advancements in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment: Integrating Drug Delivery, Biophysical Stimulation, Cell-Based Therapies, and Tissue Engineering Approaches.

Spinal cord injuries, whether resulting from traumatic or nontraumatic events, have severe and lasting detrimental effects on individuals, significantly impacting their overall health, mobility, and quality of life. The limited regenerative capacity of the spinal cord is mainly due to neuronal damage, the presence of inhibitory molecules, an impaired immune response, and the formation of glial scars, all of which create a hostile environment for neural repair and functional recovery. The majority of SCIs are caused by traffic accidents and falling objects.

Ancilla measurement-based quantum Otto engine using double-pair spin architecture.

We present a quantum-heat engine model utilizing a dual spin-pair architecture, wherein an Otto-like cycle is implemented using a single heat bath. The conventional cold bath is replaced by a measurement protocol, enabling engine operation without the need for a second thermal reservoir. Unlike standard quantum-heat engines, our framework employs an ancillary spin pair in a two-dimensional configuration to regulate performance.

Composition-dependent pore structure and filtration performance of hydrogel-filled membranes.

Microfiltration (MF) membranes reject large-sized solutes (>0.1 μm) from feed streams. Filling up the MF pore space with porous polymers tailor solute rejection by virtue of membrane structure alterations.

Evaluating crop yield prediction models in illinois using aquacrop, semi-physical model and artificial neural networks.

Crop yield is important for agricultural productivity and the country's economy. While crop yield estimation is an essential aspect of modern agriculture, it continues to be one of the most challenging tasks to manage effectively. Corn and soybean are the important crops in Illinois, USA, considerably enhancing the region's agricultural output and economy.

Unveiling Palladium Catalysis to Access Oxepino-indole through Sequential Oxycyclization Utilizing η-π-Allyl Reactivity.

We report a palladium-catalyzed sequential oxycyclization of indole-tethered allene to construct oxepino indole cores with yields up to 91%. This method showcases the C2 umpolung activation of indoles via η-π-allyl reactivity and enables efficient synthesis without side products. Furthermore, extensive mechanistic investigations, encompassing control experiments, X-ray crystallographic studies, and DFT analysis, have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Supramolecular Gels from Sulfonic Acid-Containing Two-Component Gelators: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Dye Absorption and Multianalyte Sensing Studies.

We investigated the design and gelation behavior of some two-component supramolecular gels formed from two sulfonic acids, ., naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid and (1)-(-)-10-camphorsulfonic acid paired with various organic amines. This study utilized experimental characterizations, functional studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the gelation process.

Ir(III)-Photocatalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Azadienes.

A photocatalyzed, stereoselective C-N bond formation reaction was developed to synthesize 2-azadiene scaffolds containing trifluoromethyl groups under mild reaction conditions. This current methodology employs the multitasking photocatalysis of -Ir(ppy) to generate iminyl radicals from bench-stable oxime-ester precursors via an energy transfer (EnT) mechanism. This iminyl radical is installed in the olefinic system as an -linchpin without any prefunctionalization through a photoredox cycle.

MoSe@MoOhybrid nanostructures decorated with gallium nanoparticles for room temperature hydrogen gas sensor.

Hydrogen (H), a clean and sustainable energy carrier, is crucial in global efforts toward decarbonization and environmental sustainability. However, its flammability and explosiveness at concentrations exceeding 4% necessitate precise, real-time monitoring to ensure safety in industrial and domestic applications. Conventional Hgas sensing technologies have several limitations, such as high cost, complexity, cross-sensitivity, sensor drift, and elevated operating temperatures.

Biomass valorization with metal-free catalysts: innovations in thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic approaches.

The catalytic valorization of biomass into high-value chemicals and sustainable fuels is critical for addressing global environmental challenges and advancing a bio-based circular economy. Traditional metal-based catalysts, though effective, face major limitations, including resource scarcity, toxicity, leaching, and cost, underscoring the need for alternative catalytic paradigms. Metal-free catalytic systems have emerged as promising sustainable solutions due to their environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and material abundance.

Evaporation of Sessile Drops on a Heated Superhydrophobic Substrate.

We experimentally investigate the evaporation dynamics of sessile water droplets on a micronano textured superhydrophobic aluminum substrate at various temperatures using shadowgraphy imaging. By comparing the evaporation behavior of two droplets placed side-by-side with that of an isolated droplet, we find that droplets in the two-drop system evaporate more slowly due to the vapor shielding effect, which increases vapor concentration between the droplets. This leads to asymmetric evaporation and longer lifetimes, particularly at room temperature compared to higher temperatures.