Retrogasserian Glycerol Rhizotomy (RGGR) for Trigeminal Neuralgia Induced by Postvaccination Herpetic Reactivation: A Rare Case Report.

Reports on surgical treatment for postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia after COVID vaccination have not been found in the literature. Here, we described a case of postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia after COVID vaccination that was treated with percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PRGR) resulting in complete pain relief. We reported a case involving a 70-year-old female who had herpes zoster infection in the ophthalmic branch (V1) dermatome following COVID vaccination and presented with paroxysmal electric shock-like sensation without a trigger.

Consensus on the Use of Mefenamic Acid in Pediatric Practice (MAPP): Perspectives From Indian Pediatricians.

Fever and pain are among the most common reasons for pediatric consultations, requiring effective and safe management strategies. Mefenamic acid, a well-established member of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class, offers distinct advantages due to its unique pharmacological profile, including preferential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition, E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor blockade, and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition. These properties enable it to address both inflammatory and non-inflammatory fevers, providing comprehensive symptom relief.

Implementing type and screen method replacing conventional antiglobulin crossmatch procedure for compatibility testing in elective protocol in a tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Pretransfusion testing is an essential and important investigation to provide safe and fully compatible packed red blood cell (PRBC) unit to the recipient to prevent the fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. Type and screen (T and S) procedure is one of the effective approaches in pretransfusion testing in which antibody screen (AS) negative recipients are transfused with an immediate saline phase compatible PRBC unit. In order to explore the feasibility of implementing T and S protocol in our institute, this study was carried out.

Probing the pH-Induced Spectral Modifications of NSAIDs for Designing Molecular Logic Gates and Combinational Logic Circuits.

The current paper investigates the absorption and emission spectra of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen (N4HPA) and diclofenac (2DAPA), in aqueous solutions across different pH values. Both molecules exhibit significant changes in absorption and fluorescence spectra as a function of pH, which are attributed to the existence of these molecules in different forms (uncharged, anionic, and cationic) based on pH. The interpretation of these pH-dependent spectral behaviors in the presence or absence of the chemical inputs offers the possibility for the realization of a variety of unimolecular logic circuits, which are able to perform combinational logic operations.

An Interesting Case of Anti-Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier-Activating Enzyme (SAE) Antibody-Positive Dermatomyositis.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory involvement of the skin and muscles. Anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE) antibodies define a rare clinical subtype of DM, often associated with prominent cutaneous findings and systemic features such as dysphagia. This report presents the case of a 45-year-old male with steroid-refractory, anti-SAE-positive DM, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this condition and underscoring the importance of early recognition and personalized management.

Activity-Dependent Effects of ERK1/2 on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Liver transplantation remains the only cure for end-stage liver disease, but ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) limits graft availability. Although extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling is involved in cellular responses to IRI, its precise role in hepatic IRI remains unclear. We investigated the role of ERK1/2 in hepatic IRI by modulating its activity using small-molecule chemical inhibitors.

Evaluating Therapeutic Outcomes in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: An Indian Experience.

Background And Objectives: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder that leads to anterior horn cell loss. Recent advancements in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) offer promising new treatment options. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of risdiplam, nusinersen, and gene therapy in SMA patients with different disease severities in an Indian cohort.

Understanding the structure of β-glycoprotein I: new insights and future paths for antiphospholipid syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent life-threatening blood clots and pregnancy complications in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies. Among these antibodies, those targeting the plasma glycoprotein β-glycoprotein I (βGPI) hold particular clinical significance. Despite extensive research, controversies persist regarding the structure of βGPI, which has substantial implications for understanding autoantibody reactivity and APS development.

High-fat diet impairs microbial metabolite production and aggravates influenza A infection.

Background: Alterations in the gut microbiom can significantly impact various regions in the human body, including the pulmonary tract. This study investigates alterations in the gut microbiome during a high-fat diet (HFD), particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and how these metabolites affect lung infection caused by Influenza A virus (IAV).

Methods: We used a HFD-mouse model to evaluate gut microbiota composition, SCFA levels, and pulmonary outcomes following IAV infection.

Intermittent Fasting as a Neuroprotective Strategy: Gut-Brain Axis Modulation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is emerging as a heterogeneous neurometabolic intervention with the possibility of changing the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Through the modulation of the gut-brain axis (GBA), cellular bioenergetics (or metabolic) reprogramming, and involvement in preserved stress adaptation pathways, IF influences a range of physiological mechanisms, including mitobiogenesis, autophagy, circadian rhythm alignment, and neuroinflammation. This review critically synthesises current preclinical and early clinical evidence illustrating IF's capability to supplement synaptic plasticity and integrity, reduce toxic proteins (proteotoxic) burden, and rehabilitate glial and immune homeostasis across models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Small Molecule Promoters of Endogenous Lipid Droplet Accumulation Drive Lysophagy.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are central in regulating metabolism in stress-induced conditions, including one triggered by nutrient deprivation. Genetic manipulation of the lipid metabolic network or supplementation of a high-fat diet/oleic acid (OA) are the traditional routes for voluntarily triggering LD formation in cells and animals to study the role of LDs in disease biology. We developed a new screening platform for identifying small molecule-based LD inducers, which identified linoleic acid (LOA, diunsaturated fatty acid) as a better tool than OA (monounsaturated fatty acid) in promoting LD formation in cells.

Macro and micronutrient based soil fertility zonation using fuzzy logic and geospatial techniques.

Modeling the spatial variability and uncertainty of soil fertility parameters is crucial for sustainable agriculture but remains a challenge due to complex interactions between soil properties. Traditional models often assess individual parameters, such as pH or nitrogen (N), without considering their combined influence and uncertainty. This study develops a fuzzy logic and geoinformatics-based approach to simultaneously assess multiple soil fertility parameters.

Comparison of the safety, efficacy, and rates of GERD between full-thickness versus modified peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Studies have shown variable results when comparing full-thickness (FT) peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) with modified myotomy (MM) techniques (such as selective circular myotomy [CM] and oblique fiber-sparing myotomy [OS]). We performed a meta-analysis to reconcile the data.

Methods: Online databases were searched for studies comparing FT to MM POEM for treatment of achalasia.

Impact of low BMI and ABCC2 genotype on the clinical response of sequential anthracycline-taxane chemotherapy receiving breast cancer patients: a hospital-based study.

This study investigates combine effect of low BMI and possible pharmacogenetic influence of ABC gene polymorphisms in treatment responses of BC patients. BMI was analysed prior to commencement of chemotherapy. Clinical response was evaluated by radiological imaging and categorised as per RECISTv.

CRISPR-Based Gene Dependency Screens reveal Mechanism of BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer. Despite recent advances in treating BRAFV600E-driven ATC, therapy resistance remains a significant challenge, often resulting in disease progression and death. Leveraging a focused CRISPR/KO screen in parallel with a CRISPR/activation screen, both tailored on response to BRAFV600E inhibitor treatment, we identified TAZ (encoded by the WWTR1 gene) deficiency as synthetically lethal with BRAF inhibitor in ATC.

Immunomodulatory Mechanisms Underlying Neurological Manifestations in Long COVID: Implications for Immune-Mediated Neurodegeneration.

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the profound and lasting impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the nervous system. Beyond acute infection, SARS-CoV-2 acts as a potent immunomodulatory agent, disrupting immune homeostasis and contributing to persistent inflammation, autoimmunity, and neurodegeneration. Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is characterized by a spectrum of neurological symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, neuropathy, and mood disturbances.

Bimodal Genomic Approach Predicting Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) as Prognostic Biomarker in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy with a high mortality and poor prognosis. To elucidate the genetic underpinnings of ACCs, we have analyzed the transcriptome profiles of ACC tumor samples from patients enrolled in the TCGA and NCI cohorts.

Methods: We developed a bimodal approach using Gaussian Mixture Models to identify genes with bimodal distribution in ACC samples.

POmAb, an antibody targeting open prothrombin, results in anticoagulation without excessive bleeding in mice.

Anti-prothrombin antibodies are commonly found in patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), yet their role in clinical manifestations remains unclear. We recently identified two classes of anti-prothrombin antibodies based on their ability to recognize closed and open forms of prothrombin. Type-I antibodies bind to the open form, while Type-II antibodies bind to both forms.

Exploring the SAR of 1,2,3-Triazoles as Tumor-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII Inhibitors for Anticancer Applications.

The search for novel anticancer agents has brought carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms IX and XII into focus due to their critical role in tumor growth and survival, particularly under hypoxic conditions. These tumor-associated enzymes regulate pH and ion transport in cancer cells, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Among the compounds explored as CA inhibitors, 1,2,3-triazoles stand out for their versatile CA inhibition potential and favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

NOTCH1 reverses immune suppression in small cell lung cancer through reactivation of STING.

Downregulation of antigen presentation and lack of immune infiltration are defining features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) limiting response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). While a high MHC Class I, immune-inflamed subset benefits from ICB, underlying mechanisms of immune response in SCLC have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that in the landmark IMpower133 clinical trial high, but not low, NOTCH1 expression is significantly associated with longer survival with the addition of ICB to chemotherapy among ~80% of SCLC patients with neuroendocrine-enriched tumors (ASCL1-enriched, HR 0.

Bridging continents: postgraduate infectious diseases training programs from central Europe to Southeast Asia.

Purpose: Increasing travel, climate change, spread of antimicrobial resistance and pandemics increased the need for well-trained infectious diseases (ID) specialists and qualified ID specialist training for protecting public health all over the world. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ID specialty training programs for standardization and quality improvement in a large geographical area.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among national respondents of 29 countries [Central Asia (Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan), the Middle East (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Lebanon), Southeast Europe (Albania, Greece, Kosovo, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, the Republic of North Macedonia, Croatia), Eastern Europe (Russia, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria), South Asia (India, Pakistan, Afghanistan), Southeast Asia (Malaysia), Türkiye] to evaluate the structure and components of ID training programs.

Not All Those Who Wander Are Lost: Insights Into Movement Pattern of the Great Indian Bustard in the Deccan Landscape of India.

Understanding animal movement patterns, such as daily foraging, seasonal migration, dispersal and other movement behaviours, is essential for effectively managing and conserving species. The Great Indian Bustard (), a critically endangered bird, is thought to move opportunistically in response to environmental changes, particularly rainfall events, which influence food availability and habitat productivity. This research represents the first fine-scale analysis of the movement behaviour of this species.

MoSe@MoOhybrid nanostructures decorated with gallium nanoparticles for room temperature hydrogen gas sensor.

Hydrogen (H), a clean and sustainable energy carrier, is crucial in global efforts toward decarbonization and environmental sustainability. However, its flammability and explosiveness at concentrations exceeding 4% necessitate precise, real-time monitoring to ensure safety in industrial and domestic applications. Conventional Hgas sensing technologies have several limitations, such as high cost, complexity, cross-sensitivity, sensor drift, and elevated operating temperatures.

A Case Report of Combined Type 2 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Presenting With Intracranial Hemorrhage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma.

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is very frequently associated with many autoimmune diseases. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is frequently associated with type 1 AIH but rarely seen in type 2 AIH patients. In this case, the association between type 2 AIH and APS is seen, along with complications, which made the management difficult.