Management of late toxicities and specific follow-up needs of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: recommendations from scientific societies in Spain.

Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYACS) represent a specific cancer patient population with unique chronic health issues difficult to identify in early, reversible phases with standard monitoring protocols. This review, conducted by a group of Spanish experts, provides recommendations for managing AYACS, focusing on key areas, such as cardiac toxicities, neurotoxicity and neurocognitive disorders, metabolic syndrome, secondary primary malignancies, bone toxicities, sexuality and fertility, psychosocial aspects, and other treatment-related toxicities.

The Influence of Muscle Morphology on Oncological Outcomes: A Review.

Cancer is a common disease with significant impact on patients and society. Cancer and oncological treatment can negatively affect muscle, and muscle health impacts oncologic outcomes. This review studied the effect of different muscle parameters on oncologic outcomes.

Eccrine Coil Elastosis: A New Dermatopathological Feature Associated With Prediabetes and Diabetes.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise. Cutaneous histological manifestations of diabetes include microangiopathy and atherosclerosis. No morphological alterations of sweat glands have been reported.

Assessment of Muscle-Specific Strength in Oncology Patients: Anthropometry as a Reliable Alternative to DXA.

: Muscle-specific strength (MSS), defined as muscle strength relative to muscle mass, is a key indicator in the assessment of sarcopenia and functional status, especially in patients with cancer. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the reference method for estimating muscle mass, but its limited accessibility hinders routine use. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between DXA-based MSS and MSS estimated through more accessible techniques.

Advances in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer: A shift toward a patient-centred approach to balance outcomes and quality of life.

The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has undergone a significant evolution in recent years, shifting toward more selective strategies that balance oncological outcomes with quality of life (QoL) preservation. Total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) has improved local control and reduced distant metastases, but its long-term toxicities have sparked growing interest in treatment de-escalation strategies aimed at minimizing adverse effects while maintaining efficacy. This review focuses on the therapeutic advancements for LARC, analysing both established standards and emerging innovations.

Comparative analysis of patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenografts as avatar models for predicting response to anti-cancer therapy.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids (PDO) are widely used to model cancer and predict treatment response in matched patients. However, their predictive accuracy has not been systematically studied nor compared. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using PDX or PDO from solid tumors treated with identical anti-cancer agents as the matched patient, identifying 411 patient-model pairs (267 PDX, 144 PDO).

Cost Analysis of the FreeStyle Libre Systems in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Basal Insulin with Poor Glycemic Control: A Spanish Perspective.

FreeStyle Libre® systems are effective and convenient glucose flash monitoring (FM) devices. This cost analysis compared FM versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in poorly controlled (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] >8%) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on basal insulin in Spain. A model was used to compare the costs of FM and SMBG in a 1000-patient cohort.

Validation and normative data for the BAC app in Spanish-speaking individuals with psychosis and healthy controls.

Background: Cognitive impairment is central to psychosis and strongly linked to functional outcomes. The Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) app is a tablet-based, automated tool for assessing key cognitive domains but has not been validated in Spanish-speaking populations or across illness stages.

Methods: A total of 402 participants (117 with first-episode psychosis [FEP], 125 with schizophrenia, and 160 controls) completed the BAC app along with clinical and functional assessments.

Maternal diet shapes infant microbiota and defensive capacity against infections in early life via differential human milk composition.

Background: Maternal nutritional status and dietary profile during pregnancy and lactation have short- and long-term impacts on offspring health. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms behind these health effects. This study aims to assess the effect of maternal diet on the health of offspring by examining to unravel the impact of maternal diet on offspring health outcomes and evaluate the link between maternal nutrition, human milk immune components and neonatal colonisation as potential mechanisms that mediate the influence of maternal diet in the incidence of infant infections.

Current status and challenges of multi-omics research using animal models of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which account for most deaths worldwide. Use of diverse preclinical models of atherosclerosis has been implemental in understanding the underlying mechanisms, the implicated cell types, the genes and the molecules at play in the onset and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Although significant research advancements have been made, further research is necessary to delve into factors influencing plaque types, site preference within the vasculature, interactions with adjacent tissues (liver, pancreas and perivascular adipose tissue), inflammation and sex-based disparities, among others.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioma Adapts Toward Mutant Phenotypes and Enhanced Therapy Sensitivity Under D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Exposure.

: Isocitrate dehydrogenase () mutations are hallmark features in subsets of gliomas, producing the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Although mutations are associated with better clinical outcomes, their relationship with tumor progression is complex. This study aimed to investigate, in vitro and in vivo, the phenotypic consequences of mutation and 2HG exposure in glioblastoma (GBM) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and under temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation exposure.

Co-infections during SARS-CoV-2 infection in hematologic patients and cell therapy recipients in the omicron era: a Spanish hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cell therapy group study.

Background: Although SARS-Cov-2 outcomes have improved in the Omicron era, the synergistic or additive effects between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants and other microbiological agents in adult hematologic patients have been little explored. We aimed to characterize co-infection types, identify risk factors for co-infection and determine co-infection-related mortality in hematologic patients and recipients of cellular therapy with a first episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Omicron era.

Methods: Retrospective national Spanish registry analysis of 692 consecutive patients with hematological disease including receptors of cellular therapy from December 2021 to May 2023.

Phase I Dose-Escalation Results for the Delta-Like Ligand 3/CD3 IgG-Like T-Cell Engager Obrixtamig (BI 764532) in Patients With Delta-Like Ligand 3+ Small Cell Lung Cancer or Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.

Purpose: We report phase I results for obrixtamig (BI 764532), a delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3)/CD3 IgG-like T-cell engager, in patients with previously treated DLL3-positive small cell lung cancer (SCLC), extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (epNECs), or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC-L).

Methods: Patients received escalating intravenous obrixtamig doses using four regimens: a fixed dose once every 3 weeks (A); a fixed dose once weekly (B1); a step-up dose once weekly for two weeks and target dose once weekly (B2); and a step-up dose once weekly for 3 weeks, target dose once weekly for 3 weeks, and once every 3 weeks thereafter (B3). The primary objective was maximum tolerated dose (MTD).

A radiomics-based artificial intelligence model to assess the risk of relapse in localized colon cancer.

Background: Accurately estimating relapse risk in localized colon cancer (LCC) remains a challenge, as clinicopathological staging often fails to differentiate patients with a higher likelihood of recurrence. There is a need for novel tools to improve patient selection for post-operative chemotherapy. Radiomics has emerged as a powerful, noninvasive approach that may enhance clinical decision making.

Pomegranate Extract Modulates Oxidative Stress by Reducing Basal ROS Levels and Protecting White Blood Cells from Induced Oxidative Damage in Aging Mice.

Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress, which contributes to cellular dysfunction and age-related diseases. Pomegranate extract (PE), rich in antioxidant polyphenols, may help mitigate oxidative damage. This study evaluated whether PE supplementation modulates oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in white blood cells of aging mice.

Divergent mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling between men and women.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Notably, there are significant differences between men and women in the manifestation, progression, and outcome of CVD, as well as in therapeutic responses. Overall, premenopausal women show greater protection against adverse remodeling.

miR-107 represses and is sequestered by CUG repeats triggering the MSI2/miR-7 pathogenesis axis in myotonic dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized by muscle disease, including muscle atrophy partially originating from excessive autophagy. We have previously demonstrated that excessive Musashi-2 (MSI2) repressed the biogenesis of miR-7, which derepressed autophagy, ultimately contributing to muscle atrophy, but the root cause of MSI2 dysregulation is unknown. Herein, we investigate the intricate role of miR-107 in DM1 pathogenesis, focusing on its involvement in the MSI2>miR-7>autophagy axis as this microRNA (miRNA) directly regulates MSI2.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is not significantly present in eutopic endometrium from patients with minimal-mild and moderate-severe endometriosis.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of Fusobacterium spp. and Fusobacterium nucleatum in eutopic endometrial samples from women with endometriosis compared with controls, and assess their association with the disease.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Insomnia Subtypes in Clinical Population According to the Insomnia Type Questionnaire (ITQ): A Multi-Centre Study in Spanish Sleep Clinics.

The lack of robust subtyping for insomnia disorder (ID) led to its current classification as a uniform condition. A novel approach to subtyping ID developed a new tool, the insomnia type questionnaire (ITQ). Our research aimed to assess whether the ID subtypes identified in the general population could also be found in ID patients referred to sleep clinics in a multi-centre study throughout Spain, and to gather insights for the management of complex ID patients.

Chagas Disease in a Non-Endemic Setting: Clinical Profile, Treatment Outcomes, and Predictors of Cure in a 15-Year Cohort Study.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess clinical and epidemiological characteristics, treatment outcomes, and predictors of serological cure in patients with chronic Chagas disease in a non-endemic setting. All individuals aged ≥16 years with confirmed infection and evaluated at a tertiary hospital in Spain from 2008 to 2023 were included. Most of the 107 participants were women (78.

Circulating histones as clinical biomarkers in critically ill conditions.

Extracellular histones, primarily nuclear proteins involved in chromatin organization, have emerged as key mediators in pathological processes in critically ill patients. When released into circulation due to cell death mechanisms such as NETosis, histones act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), contributing to excessive inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, immune response dysregulation, coagulation activation, cell death, and multi-organ damage. Increasing evidence supports their role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, acute lung injury, cardiac injury, pancreatitis, and other life-threatening conditions.

Array Genotyping of Transfusion Relevant Blood Cell Antigens in 6946 Ancestrally Diverse Subjects.

Blood transfusions save millions of lives worldwide each year, yet formation of antibodies against non-self antigens remains a significant problem, particularly in frequently transfused patients. We designed and tested the Universal Blood Donor Typing (UBDT_PC1) array for automated high-throughput simultaneous typing of human erythroid, platelet, leukocyte, and neutrophil antigens (HEA, HPA, HLA, and HNA, respectively) to support selection of blood products matched beyond ABO/Rh. Typing samples from 6946 donors of European, African, Admixed American, South Asian, and East Asian ancestry at two different laboratories showed a genotype reproducibility of ≥99% for 17 244 variants, translating to 99.

Pan-Asia adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer.

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), published in 2023, was adapted in July 2024, according to established standard methodology, to produce the Pan-Asian adapted ESMO consensus guideline for the management of Asian patients with EOC. The adapted guideline presented in this manuscript represents the consensus opinions reached by a panel of Asian experts in the treatment of patients with EOC representing the oncological societies of China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand, coordinated by ESMO and the Indian Society of Medical and Pediatric Oncology. Voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of current treatment practices, drug access restrictions and reimbursement decisions in the represented countries.