Energy Transfer by Feebly Interacting Particles in Supernovae: The Trapping Regime.

Feebly interacting particles, such as sterile neutrinos, dark photons, and axions, can be abundantly produced in the proto-neutron star (PNS) formed in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). These particles can decay into photons or charged leptons, depositing energy outside the PNS. Strong bounds on new particles can thus be derived from the observed luminosity of CCSNe, with even tighter bounds obtained from low-energy SNe observations.

Low-Energy Constants of Chiral Perturbation Theory from Pion Scalar Form Factors in N_{f}=2+1-Flavor Lattice QCD with Controlled Errors.

We determine the low-energy constants f_{0}, L_{4}^{r} and L_{5}^{r} of SU(3) chiral perturbation theory from a lattice QCD calculation of the scalar form factors of the pion with fully controlled systematics. Lattice results are computed on a large set of N_{f}=2+1 gauge ensembles covering four lattice spacings a∈[0.049,0.

Local Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions Driving Quasi-2D Magnetism in a Centrosymmetric Nanoskyrmion Material.

The unabating discovery of nanoskyrmions in centrosymmetric magnets challenges the conventional Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) skyrmion stabilization mechanism. We investigate Gd_{2}PdSi_{3} using polarized resonant x-ray scattering and find that the low-field incommensurate modulations are elliptical helices, evolving into spin-density waves at higher fields. Quasi-2D magnetism arises via local DM interactions generated by inversion symmetry breaking around Gd-Gd bonds, which we characterize using atomistic simulations.

Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from the Lyman-α Forest.

We present the first constraints on primordial magnetic fields from the Lyman-α forest using full cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. At the scales and redshifts probed by the data, the flux power spectrum is extremely sensitive to the extra power induced by primordial magnetic fields in the linear matter power spectrum, at a scale that we parametrize with k_{peak}. We rely on a set of more than a quarter million flux models obtained by varying thermal and reionization histories and cosmological parameters.

Hyperbolic Spin Liquids.

Hyperbolic lattices present a unique opportunity to venture beyond the conventional paradigm of crystalline many-body physics and explore correlated phenomena in negatively curved space. As a theoretical benchmark for such investigations, we extend Kitaev's spin-1/2 honeycomb model to hyperbolic lattices and exploit their non-Euclidean space-group symmetries to solve the model exactly. We elucidate the ground-state phase diagram on the {8,3} lattice and find a gapped Z_{2} spin liquid with Abelian anyons, a gapped chiral spin liquid with non-Abelian anyons and chiral edge states, and a Majorana metal whose finite low-energy density of states is dominated by non-Abelian Bloch states.

Flavor Nonsinglet Splitting Functions at Four Loops in QCD: Fermionic Contributions.

We have determined the fourth-order n_{f} contributions to the two splitting functions governing the evolution of all flavor differences of quark distributions of hadrons in perturbative quantum chromodynamics with n_{f} light flavors. The analytic forms of these functions are presented in both Mellin N space and momentum-fraction x space for a general gauge group. In the small-x limit double logarithms occur, but the small-x rise of both splitting functions is confined to extremely small-x values, x≲10^{-6}.

Evidence for Similar Collectivity of High Transverse-Momentum Particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb Collisions.

Charged hadron elliptic anisotropies (v_{2}) are presented over a wide transverse momentum (p_{T}) range for proton-lead (pPb) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 8.16 and 5.02 TeV, respectively.

Observation of Three Resonant Structures in the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}h_{c}.

Using e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing electron positron collider, the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}h_{c} is measured at 59 points with center-of-mass energy sqrt[s] ranging from 4.009 to 4.950 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 22.

Exact Nonequilibrium Steady State of XXZ Circuits Boundary Driven with Arbitrary Resets or Fields.

We propose a spatially inhomogeneous matrix product Ansatz for an exact many-body density operator of a boundary-driven XXZ quantum circuit. The Ansatz has formally infinite bond dimension and is fundamentally different from previous constructions. The circuit is driven by a pair of reset quantum channels applied on the boundary qubits, which polarize the qubits to arbitrary pure target states.

1/5 and 1/3 Magnetization Plateaux in the Spin 1/2 Chain System YbAlO_{3}.

Quasi-one-dimensional magnets can host an ordered longitudinal spin-density wave state (LSDW) in magnetic field at low temperature, when longitudinal correlations are strengthened by Ising anisotropies. In the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet YbAlO_{3} this happens via Ising-like interchain interactions. Here, we report the first experimental observation of magnetization plateaux at 1/5 and 1/3 of the saturation value via thermal transport and magnetostriction measurements in YbAlO_{3}.

Onset of Constituent Quark Number Scaling in Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC.

Partonic collectivity is one of the necessary signatures for the formation of quark-gluon plasma in high-energy nuclear collisions. Number of constituent quarks (NCQ) scaling has been observed for hadron elliptic flow v_{2} in top energy nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the LHC, and this has been theoretically suggested as strong evidence for partonic collectivity. In this Letter, a systematic analysis of v_{2} of π^{±}, K^{±}, K_{S}^{0}, p, and Λ in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.

Separating Terahertz Spin and Charge Contributions from Ultrathin Antiferromagnetic Heterostructures.

Femtosecond laser excitation of nanometer thin heterostructures comprising a heavy metal and a magnetically ordered material is known to result in the emission of terahertz radiation. However, the nature of the emitted radiation from heavy metal/antiferromagnet heterostructures has sparked debates and controversies in the literature. Here, we unambiguously separate spin and charge contributions from Pt/NiO heterostructures by introducing an unprecedented methodology combining high external magnetic fields with a symmetry analysis of the emitted terahertz polarization.

Utilizing CNNs for classification and uncertainty quantification for 15 families of European fly pollinators.

Pollination is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ensuring food security, and in Europe it is primarily mediated by four insect orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera). However, traditional monitoring methods are costly and time consuming. Although recent automation efforts have focused on butterflies and bees, flies, a diverse and ecologically important group of pollinators, have received comparatively little attention, likely due to the challenges posed by their subtle morphological differences.

TransFactor-Prediction of pro-viral SARS-CoV-2 host factors using a protein language model.

Motivation: Recent pandemics have revealed significant gaps in our understanding of viral pathogenesis, exposing an urgent need for methods to identify and prioritize key host proteins (host factors) as potential targets for antiviral treatments. De novo generation of experimental datasets is limited by their heterogeneity, and for looming future pandemics, may not be feasible due to limitations of experimental approaches.

Results: Here we present TransFactor, a computational framework for predicting and prioritizing candidate host factors using only protein sequence data.

Utility of GERAADA score for predicting long-term survival following surgical repair of aortic dissection.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the long-term survival following surgical repair because of type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and the correlation with the preoperative GERAADA-score value.

Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent emergent aortic surgery because of ATAAD from 2010 to 2022 from 9 hospitals. Follow-up information was obtained by matching the clinical patient data with a national administrative database.

Real-world management and outcomes of immune-related adverse events in german cancer care: A multicenter analysis using the SERIO registry.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in cancer therapy, yet diagnosing and managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains challenging in clinical practice. Differences in healthcare structures between university hospitals (UH) and private practices (PP) influence irAE presentation and management, often excluding the latter from analyses.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 604 cancer patients treated with ICIs between 2014 and 2023: 323 from UH and 281 from PP.

Preclinical and first-in-human evidence of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid for mitochondrial COQ2 deficiency.

Primary coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency is a mitochondrial disorder with variable clinical presentation and limited response to standard CoQ10 supplementation. Recent studies suggest that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a biosynthetic precursor of CoQ, may serve as a substrate enhancement treatment in cases caused by pathogenic variants in COQ2, a gene encoding a key enzyme in CoQ biosynthesis. However, it remains unclear whether 4-HBA is required throughout life to maintain health, whether it offers advantages over CoQ10 treatment, and whether these findings are translatable to humans.

An updated vocal repertoire of wild adult bonobos (Pan paniscus).

Research over the last 20 years has shed important light on the vocal behaviour of our closest living relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, but mostly relies on qualitative vocal repertoires, for which quantitative validations are absent. Such data are critical for a holistic understanding of a species` communication system and unpacking how these systems compare more broadly with other primate and non-primate species. Here we make key progress by providing the first quantitative validation of a Pan vocal repertoire, specifically for wild bonobos.

Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 deficiency alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury.

Background: Cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious consequence of reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the citrullination of proteins. In previous studies, PAD4 inhibition protected distinct organs from I/R injury by preventing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and attenuating inflammatory responses.

Multiproxy analysis unwraps origin and fabrication biographies of Sardinian figurines: On the trail of metal-driven interaction and mixing practices in the early first millennium BCE.

This article presents a multiproxy investigation of metal samples obtained from 48 Nuragic figurines (so-called bronzetti) and three copper bun ingots. These objects originate from three prominent Sardinian sanctuaries and one unidentified site, dating to the late Nuragic period of the early first millennium BCE. The dataset significantly expands the existing scientific database and unwraps the complex fabrication biographies of the figurines from ore to finished object.

A Late Bronze Age foreign elite? Investigating mobility patterns at Seddin, Germany.

During the Late Bronze Age (ca. 11th-8th century BCE), far-reaching and extensive trade and exchange networks linked communities across Europe. The area around Seddin in north-western Brandenburg, Germany, has long been considered as at the core of one such networks.

Wastewater analysis of chemical markers of public health concern at small spatial scales: A scoping review.

Wastewater analysis is a promising approach to obtaining population-based health information. It has proven useful for different applications, including monitoring illicit drugs or assessing population-level exposure to chemicals. Studies have often analysed samples from wastewater treatment plants, which does not allow for small-scale intra-sewershed differentiations needed for a detailed assessment of the target population.

Late Dehiscence After Initial Successful EndoArt Implantation.

Purpose: To report a case of late dehiscence of an EndoArt implant and its successful management 10 months after initial implantation.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 73-year-old man with a history of multiple failed Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty procedures on the right eye underwent EndoArt implantation for bullous keratopathy.

Ignoble Gas: The Questionable Role of Xenon in Rapid Ascents of Mount Everest.

Manferdelli, Giorgio, Marc M Berger, and Andrew M Luks.Ignoble Gas: The Questionable Role of Xenon in Rapid Ascents of Mount Everest. 00:00-00, 2025.

p53 isoforms have a high aggregation propensity, interact with chaperones and lack binding to p53 interaction partners.

The p53 transcription factor family consists of the three members p53, p63, and p73. Both p63 and p73 exist in different isoforms that are well characterized. Isoforms have also been identified for p53 and it has been proposed that they are responsible for increased cancer metastasis.