Comparison of Initial Visual Outcomes Following Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction (KLEx) Using VisuMax 500 Versus VisuMax 800.

Purpose This study aims to compare the initial three-month outcomes of a single-center experience with small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism using the VisuMax 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) versus the VisuMax 800 (SMILE Pro®; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). This experience is compared to the US Food and Drug Administration approval studies and published literature. Patients and methods The initial 45 eyes (23 patients) that underwent SMILE with the VisuMax 500 in 2018 were compared with the initial 42 eyes (21 patients) that underwent SMILE Pro® with the VisuMax 800 in 2024.

Transmission networks of long-term and short-term knowledge in a foraging society.

Cultural transmission across generations is key to cumulative cultural evolution. While several mechanisms-such as vertical, horizontal, and oblique transmission-have been studied for decades, how these mechanisms change across the life course, beyond childhood, remains unclear. Furthermore, it is under-explored whether different mechanisms apply to distinct learning processes: long-term learning-where individuals invest time and effort to acquire skills-and short-term learning-where individuals share information of immediate use.

Telomere biology disorder associated lung disease- case report of a gene variant as the cause of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis.

Case presentationDescription of a patient with a progressive destructive lung disease resembling pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, liver cirrhosis and bone marrow changes. Genetic workup identified a rare heterozygous coding variant in the (telomerase reverse transcriptase) gene c.472 C>T; p.

Atomically Dispersed Palladium Promoted Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling.

The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction to forge carbon-carbon bonds fundamentally changes the practice of organic synthesis. Herein an isolated palladium catalyst supported on polymeric carbon nitride (Pd/PCN) for efficient cross coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid at room temperature is reported. It is demonstrated that the Pd/PCN catalyst with a 2 wt% Pd loading achieves the highest mole-specific activity.

Single Cold Atmospheric Plasma Therapy May Improve the Treatment Outcome of Canine Otitis Externa With Secondary Infection.

Background: Otitis externa (OE) with secondary bacterial or yeast infection is a common problem in small animal practice. Cold physical plasma (CPP) has been reported to have antimicrobial activity in vitro.

Hypothesis/objectives: This randomised, blinded, prospective study assessed the influence of additional CPP treatment on the recovery of canine OE with secondary infection.

An Analysis of Measurement Invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Between Indonesia, Germany, and the USA.

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a screening tool for assessing depressive symptomatology that has received widespread use. However, there is a scarcity of research on whether the instrument measures the same construct between high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Online surveys were utilized to assess samples across Indonesia, Germany, and the USA ( = 2350).

Niobium oxyiodide cluster compounds LiNbOI and NbOI(NbI) with expanding cluster architectures and multicentre Nb-Nb bonding.

A series of niobium oxyiodide compounds has recently been identified using a non-conventional reduction method. The continuation of these studies of heterogeneous solid-state reactions in a closed system has led to the crystallization and structural analysis of two novel compounds LiNbOI and NbOI(NbI). Both crystal structures are derived from the pentanuclear [NbO] cluster core and are expanded through the incorporation of additional niobium atoms, forming new [NbO] and [NbO] cluster cores.

Enhanced ISGylation via USP18 Isopeptidase Inactivation Fails to Mitigate the Inflammatory or Functional Course of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis.

Background/aims: The ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 and its covalent conjugation to substrates (ISGylation) represent a critical interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral mechanism. USP18 is an ISG15-specific isopeptidase and a key negative regulator of type I IFN signaling. While inactivation of USP18's catalytic activity enhances ISGylation and promotes viral resistance, its role in modulating inflammation and cardiac function during CVB3-induced myocarditis remains unclear.

LMCT-Driven Iron Photocatalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Synthetic Applications.

Iron-based photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and versatile platform for facilitating a wide range of chemical transformations, offering an appealing alternative to precious metal photocatalysts. Among the various activation modes, ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT)-driven homolysis of Fe(III)-L(ligand) bonds has garnered considerable attention due to its ability to generate reactive radical species under mild conditions, without requiring the matching of substrates' redox potentials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of recent developments in LMCT-driven iron photocatalysis, with a particular focus on both mechanistic insights and synthetic applications published in the last five years.

Reliable Identification of Alpha2u-Globulin and Lysozyme Accumulation in Rat Kidney by Label-Free MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

The molecular identification of alpha2 urinary protein in male rat kidneys is crucial in distinguishing human relevant from rat-specific cases of nephropathy caused by protein accumulation. As protein accumulation in the kidney presents uniformly as hyaline eosinophilic droplets, the identification of the causative protein can be very difficult, especially if suitable antibodies are lacking. We describe the successful identification of two morphologically similar protein accumulations (alpha2u protein and lysozyme) in rat kidneys by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI).

Habitat and land-use intensity shape moth community structure across temperate forest and grassland.

Land-use change and intensification are major drivers of biodiversity loss, yet their effects on diversity have usually been studied within a single habitat type or land-use category, limiting our understanding of cross-habitat patterns. Moths, a species-rich taxon worldwide, represent a significant portion of the biodiversity in both temperate forests and grasslands, functioning as pollinators and herbivores. While increasing land-use intensity (LUI) in both habitats is expected to negatively impact moth assemblages, the strength of this effect remains uncertain.

A generative adversarial network to improve integrated mode proton imaging resolution using paired proton-carbon data.

Background: Integrated mode proton imaging is a clinically accessible method for proton radiographs (pRads), but its spatial resolution is limited by multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS). As the amplitude of MCS decreases with increasing particle charge, heavier ions such as carbon ions produce radiographs with better resolution (cRads). Improving image resolution of pRads may thus be achieved by transferring individual proton pencil beam images to the equivalent carbon ion data using a trained image translation network.

Communicative Social Intentions Modulate Emotional Mimicry Responses.

Facial emotional expressions are interactive signals that communicate intentions. Previous research has shown that sending a facial emotional expression influences the evaluation of response expressions, but the mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear. In a preregistered experiment, 68 participants were asked to send an emoji (happy, neutral, and angry) to a virtual agent in front of them, whereupon the agent reacted with either a smiling or frowning facial expression.

Intergenerational transmission of problem behavior: Genetic and environmental pathways.

Despite the growing body of research on the intergenerational transmission of problem behavior, there is a need for more integrative approaches that consider the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. This study uses unique longitudinal data from TRAILS (analytic sample = 2202), a prospective multiple-generation cohort study in the Netherlands to examine whether parents' problem behavior (parents' self-reported lifetime antisocial behavior and substance use, reported at mean age 40 years) predicts offspring problem behavior nearly two decades later (offspring self-reported aggression and delinquency at mean ages 29 and 32 years). In path analyses, independent and relative contributions of genetic (polygenic scores of parents and offspring) and environmental (harsh parenting) pathways were tested.

The Dynamic Management of Working Memory Is Supported by Aperiodic Neural Activity.

"Metacontrol" refers to the ability to achieve an adaptive balance between more persistent and more flexible cognitive-control styles. Recent evidence from tasks focusing on the regulation of response conflict and of switching between tasks suggests a consistent relationship between aperiodic EEG activity and task conditions that are likely to elicit a more persistent versus more flexible control style. Here we investigated whether this relationship between metacontrol and aperiodic activity can also be demonstrated for working memory (WM).

Improving research on developmental psychopathology with Registered Reports.

The quality of research across psychology needs improvement. Ample evidence has indicated that publication bias, specifically making publication decisions based on a study's results, has led to a distorted literature (e.g.

Self-Reported Adherence to Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Insights From the 3rd Bavarian Food Consumption Survey.

Vegetarian and vegan diets are increasingly popular in Germany due to ethical considerations, perceived health and environmental benefits. Regionally representative data, particularly for Bavaria, remain scarce. This study updates the prevalence, demographics and eating motives of vegetarians and vegans using data from the 3rd Bavarian Food Consumption Survey (BVS III; 2021-2023), a repeated, population-based, representative study.

European Myeloma Network Consensus Statement on Functional High-Risk Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable blood cancer characterized by clonal bone marrow plasmacytosis, hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and osteolytic bone disease. Approximately 20% of NDMM patients, not predicted to have high-risk disease at diagnosis, progress early, despite optimal induction +/- ASCT and lenalidomide maintenance, and are subsequently categorized as functional high-risk (FHR) disease. Standardized risk-stratification models incorporate biomarkers of tumor burden, existence of high-risk cytogenetics, with the presence/absence of plasma cell leukemia/extramedullary disease to attribute high-risk at diagnosis; however, depth/duration of response to novel agent-based induction (NA-IND) as dynamic markers of disease risk have not been defined.

Safe and soothed: randomised clinical pilot study on the subjective and psychophysiological impact of a new physiotherapeutic intervention in patients with dissociative disorders.

Background: Dissociative disorders frequently co-occur with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet many individuals lack adequate treatment. Existing interventions often prioritise reducing arousal over promoting safety and self-soothing, tending to neglect the bodily experience.

Aims: This randomised clinical within-person pilot study examined the effects of the nest position, a physiotherapeutic intervention designed to enhance safety and self-soothing, on patients with dissociative disorders and healthy controls (German Clinical Trials Register No.

Experiences and perspectives of professional caregivers on the transition of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: From the parental home to residential care facilities.

Background: Few studies have examined how professional caregivers perceive the relocation of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities from the family home to specialised residential settings.

Method: We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight professional caregivers, exploring their experiences of admitting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities into residential care. Transcripts were analysed using Mayring's qualitative content analysis.

The European Health Data Space in communicable diseases surveillance and monitoring of medicines and vaccines: achievements of a pilot project examining the user journey.

The future European Health Data Space (EHDS), a network for secure cross-border data use, could be beneficial for public health initiatives. The HealthData@EU pilot project evaluated possibilities of secondary data use based on five use cases and established a pilot IT infrastructure. This article reports overarching experiences from two public health use cases and the IT development.

Genomic data sharing in research across Europe: legal challenges and upcoming opportunities within the European Health Data Space.

The European Health Data Space (EHDS) will help researchers use health data across EU Member States (MS). Currently, cross-border research faces heterogeneous data access processes. Using a real-world use case, this paper analyses challenges and opportunities brought by the upcoming implementation of the EHDS, assessing the situation before and after the regulation comes into force.

USPSTF Recommendation Against PSA Screening vs. Stage and Cancer-Specific Mortality in Localized Prostate Cancer.

Background: The USPSTF recommendation against PSA screening (RAPS) in 2012 resulted in unfavorable changes in prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes. However, the effect on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in localized PCa has not been assessed.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2021), we identified patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) or radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized PCa.

Neural and Cardiac Contributions to Perceptual Suppression During Cycling.

Exercise influences visual processing and is accompanied by neural and physiological changes in the body. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which neural and physiological responses to exercise impact ensuing perception remain poorly understood. In particular, the effects of exercise-induced cardiac changes on visual perception and electrophysiological activity are unclear.