Clinical decision support for pharmacologic management of treatment-resistant depression with augmented large language models.

Background: We evaluated whether a large language model could assist in selecting psychopharmacological treatments for adults with treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: We generated 20 clinical vignettes reflecting treatment-resistant depression among adults based on distributions drawn from electronic health records. Each vignette was evaluated by 2 expert psychopharmacologists to determine and rank the 5 best next-step pharmacologic interventions, as well as contraindicated or poor next-step treatments.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Are Elevated in Bipolar Depression: Evidence for Neuroprogression and Astrogliosis.

Background: Recent advances now allow detection of brain-specific proteins in blood, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of axonal pathology, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicative of astrocytic activation. Given the evidence of astroglial pathology and neuronal dysfunction in bipolar disorder, and ongoing debates on neuroprogression, we investigated plasma NfL and GFAP levels in affected individuals.

Methods: This study analysed plasma NfL and GFAP measured in 216 individuals using Simoa.

Sex-dependent metabolic and behavioural alterations in a rat model of forced exertion-induced myopathy.

Background: Mass boma capture (MBC) of ungulates may trigger a metabolic condition known as capture myopathy (CM), resulting in myoglobinuria and hyperthermia (rhabdomyolysis). Its pathobiology is poorly understood, especially the role of contextual reminders; a preclinical model system could thus be useful. Sixty (60) adult Sprague Dawley rats (30 rats per sex), divided into three experimental series (n = 12-24), were exposed to MBC-like exertion, viz.

Psilocybin and Motor Function: A Triple-Blind, Dose-Finding Study in Healthy Participants.

Background: There has been a resurgence of research into the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, exert complex effects on higher cognitive functions such as perception and awareness, but their impact on motor function remains unexplored. Moreover, there is a theoretical rationale for using psychedelics to promote motor retraining in certain neuropsychiatric conditions associated with motor dysfunction.

Adult Offspring of Deer Mouse Breeding Pairs Selected for Normal and Compulsive-Like Large Nesting Expression Invariably Show the Same Behavior Without Prior In-Breeding.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition with notable genetic involvement. Against this background, laboratory-housed deer mice of both sexes varyingly present with excessive and persistent large nesting behavior (LNB), which has been validated for its resemblance of clinical compulsivity. Although LNB differs from normal nesting behavior (NNB) on both a biological and cognitive level, it is unknown to what extent the expression of LNB and NNB is related to familial background.

Efficacy and tolerability of monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of depressive episodes in mood disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are considered third-line treatments for treatment resistant depression; however, they are underused in clinical practice.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of MAOIs for the treatment of depression in comparison with other antidepressant treatments.

Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials was performed to compare the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability between MAOIs and other antidepressant treatments for the treatment of depressive episodes.

Gender-specific aspects of socialisation and risk of cardiovascular disease among community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study using machine learning algorithms and a conventional method.

Background: Gender influences cardiovascular disease (CVD) through norms, social relations, roles and behaviours. This study identified gender-specific aspects of socialisation associated with CVD.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted, involving 9936 (5,231 women and 4705 men) initially healthy, community-dwelling Australians aged 70 years or more from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study and ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons, with a median follow-up time of 6.

Neuroecological links of the exposome and One Health.

This NeuroView assesses the interplay among exposome, One Health, and brain capital in health and disease. Physical and social exposomes affect brain health, and green brain skills are required for environmental health strategies. Ibanez et al.

Staging 2.0: refining transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks to enhance reliability and utility for youth mental health.

Globally, 75% of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders emerge by age 25 years. However, these disorders are often preceded by non-specific symptoms or attenuated clinical syndromes. Difficulties in determining optimal treatment interventions for these emerging mental disorders, and uncertainties about accounting for co-occurring psychopathology and illness trajectories, have led many youth mental health services to adopt transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks.

The Brain Economy: Advancing Brain Science to Better Understand the Modern Economy.

The coming years are likely to be turbulent due to a myriad of factors or polycrisis, including an escalation in climate extremes, emerging public health threats, weak productivity, increases in global economic instability and further weakening in the integrity of global democracy. These formidable challenges are not exogenous to the economy but are in some cases generated by the system itself. They can be overcome, but only with far-reaching changes to global economics.

Higher offspring mortality in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) that spontaneously present with large nest building behaviour.

Nesting is a normal, evolutionary conserved rodent behavioural phenotype that is expressed for purposes of breeding, safety, and thermal regulation. Further, nesting is commonly assessed as marker of overall rodent health and wellbeing, with poorer nesting performance generally proposed to resemble a worse state of health. Deer mice can be bidirectionally separated with 30 % of mice presenting with excessively large nesting behaviour (LNB).

Life-Course Brain Health as a Determinant of Late-Life Mental Health: American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry Expert Panel Recommendations.

This position statement of the Expert Panel on Brain Health of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) emphasizes the critical role of life course brain health in shaping mental well-being during the later stages of life. Evidence posits that maintaining optimal brain health earlier in life is crucial for preventing and managing brain aging-related disorders such as dementia/cognitive decline, depression, stroke, and anxiety. We advocate for a holistic approach that integrates medical, psychological, and social frameworks with culturally tailored interventions across the lifespan to promote brain health and overall mental well-being in aging adults across all communities.

Person-centred growth-oriented language and care: Fundamental to successful mental health reform.

Objective: Person-centred growth-oriented language and care are considered vital for achieving favourable outcomes in mental health care. Personal testimonies detailed in the Final Report of the Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System (RCVMHS) illustrate the need for a more compassionate and hope filled system, and demonstrate the opportunity to achieve this through embedding best practice person-centred growth-oriented language. A current gap exists in understanding the process and language involved in individuals growing to mental health.

Barriers to and facilitators of success for early and Mid-Career professionals focused on bipolar disorder: A global needs survey by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders.

Introduction: The International Society for Bipolar Disorders created the Early Mid-Career Committee (EMCC) to support career development of the next generation of researchers and clinicians specializing in bipolar disorder (BD). To develop new infrastructure and initiatives, the EMCC completed a Needs Survey of the current limitations and gaps that restrict recruitment and retention of researchers and clinicians focused on BD.

Methods: The EMCC Needs Survey was developed through an iterative process, relying on literature and content expertise of workgroup members.

Improving type 2 diabetes care and self-management at the individual level by incorporating social determinants of health.

Objective: Suboptimal social determinants of health impede type 2 diabetes self-management. They are usually considered at population and community levels, not individually. The study objective was to draw on perspectives of people who have type 2 diabetes to identify and explore the impact of social determinants on self-management and ways to incorporate them into individual care.