Patient Characteristics Associated with 30-Day Readmission to a Pediatric Cardiac Center.

Patients with acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD) are at higher risk of hospitalization. Despite quality improvement (QI) initiatives, many patients experience readmission soon after discharge. We aimed to identify risk factors for 30-day readmission and hypothesized that direct discharge from the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) is associated with an increased readmission rate.

Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars.

The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures. Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater's western edge, Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively.

Agrifood value chain employment and compensation shift with structural transformation.

The traditional structural transformation narrative emphasizes intersectoral labour reallocation out of agriculture, ignoring whether workers exit agrifood value chains or merely migrate within them. Here we decompose multiregional input-output table data into industry- and country-specific annual labour value-added estimates by final consumer market segment, matching them with industry-specific employment data to estimate average worker compensation. Using data covering most of the global economy over 1993-2021, we report ten stylized facts about labour reallocation amid structural transformation.

Plasma proteomic associations with Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes.

Clinical Alzheimer's disease is currently characterized by cerebral β-amyloidosis associated with cognitive impairment. However, most cases of Alzheimer's disease are associated with multiple neuropathologies at autopsy. The peripheral protein changes associated with these disease endophenotypes are poorly understood.

Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu-Hf isotopes in Ryugu.

Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.

Digging into the evolutionary history of the fungus-growing-ant symbiont, Escovopsis (Hypocreaceae).

Symbiotic relationships shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi in the genus Escovopsis share an evolutionary history with the fungus-growing "attine" ant system and are only found in association with these social insects. Despite this close relationship, there are key aspects of Escovopsis evolution that remain poorly understood.

Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in intensive care: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation, a condition associated with adverse outcomes in the short and long term, is common in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Identifying patients at high risk could inform trials of preventive interventions and help to target such interventions. We aimed to develop and externally validate a prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to ICUs.

Prenatal alcohol exposure perturbs the development of radial glial cells in the fetal olfactory bulb.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and is associated with various cognitive and sensory impairments, including olfactory dysfunction. While both genetic and environmental factors contribute to olfactory dysfunction, PAE is considered a significant factor affecting brain development, including the olfactory system. In this study, we investigated the impact of PAE on the developing olfactory bulb (OB), specifically focusing on OB RGCs-radial glial cells that give rise to OB projection neurons.

Characterization of Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Saikosaponin A in Rats Using a Validated UFLC-MS/MS Method.

Saikosaponin A (SSa) is an oleanane type triterpenoid saponin isolated from Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC). While SSa has demonstrated significant pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidepressant effects, its pharmacokinetic profile remains poorly characterized. This study developed and validated a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantifying SSa in rat plasma.

Leading through expertise: a qualitative study of clinicians' experience of a paediatric clinical trial for displaced medial epicondyle fracture.

Aims: We sought to explore staff experience of a paediatric randomized controlled trial (RCT), comparing operative fixation and nonoperative treatment for displaced medial epicondyle fractures.

Methods: A total of 20 staff (eight surgeons and 12 research delivery staff) recruiting to the RCT in 18 NHS Trusts across the UK took part in a telephone/online qualitative interview. Interviews were informed by Heideggerian Phenomenology and thematic analysis.

Intestinal mucosa-mimetic double-layer gelatin hydrogel for recapitulation of 3D immune microenvironment.

The intestinal immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating systemic immune responses and is implicated in various diseases. Nevertheless, no existing model simultaneously replicates the three-dimensional (3D) immune microenvironment and the mucosal barrier. This study presents a novel mucosa-mimic model that consists of a cell-laden hydrogel matrix and a pseudo-mucus layer that emulate the intestinal lamina propria and mucosal barrier, respectively.

Supplementary Material for Projected Global Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): The Cost of Inaction Based on Data from Nine Countries.

Background And Aim: Although the clinical burden of MASH is well known, its economic burden is less well described. We estimated MASH's economic burden in several regions of the world including the US, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and United Kingdom (UK), Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil over the next two decades.

Methods: A one-year cycle Markov model projected MASH progression from 2021 to 2040, incorporating 2020 prevalent cases and annual incident cases (2021-2040).

Cost-effectiveness and health equity improvements from excluding sugar-sweetened beverages from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

Introduction: Excluding sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) from eligible purchases in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has been proposed as a strategy to improve diet quality and health. This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of this policy and its potential impact on health equity.

Methods: The Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost Effectiveness Study (CHOICES) microsimulation and systematic review process was used in 2024 to estimate the potential impact of excluding SSBs from SNAP-eligible purchases over a ten-year period (2023-2032) for the U.

Prediabetic cardiomyopathy is attenuated by hypothalamic PVN oxytocin neuron activation.

Diagnoses of prediabetes and metabolic syndromes, such as metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, often simultaneously. A significant consequence of these is high risk of cardiovascular disease, highlighting the need for cardiac-specific therapeutics for intervention during the prediabetic stage. Recent studies have demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of the cardiac parasympathetic system through hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) neurons provides cardioprotective effects in heart disease models by targeting excitatory neurotransmission to brainstem cardiac vagal neurons.

Chimeric infective particles expand species boundaries in phage-inducible chromosomal island mobilization.

Some mobile genetic elements spread among unrelated bacterial species through unknown mechanisms. Recently, we discovered that identical capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands (cf-PICIs), a new family of phage satellites, are present across multiple species and genera, raising questions about their widespread dissemination. Here, we have identified and characterized a new biological entity enabling this transfer.

The tracking umbrella: Diverse interpretations under a common neural term.

Neural tracking, the alignment of brain activity with the temporal dynamics of sensory input, is a crucial mechanism underlying perception, attention, and cognition. While this concept has gained prominence in research on speech, music, and visual processing, its definition and methodological approaches remain heterogeneous. This paper critically examines neural tracking from both theoretical and methodological perspectives, highlighting how its interpretation varies across studies.

Effect of Omicron BA.1-based compared to prototype booster mRNA vaccination on incidence of COVID-19 in the COVAIL trial.

Background: Covid-19 vaccines are updated to match circulating strains based on reasoning that better strain-matched immunogenicity should provide better protection. Randomized evidence with disease endpoints to support strain matching is lacking. We evaluated COVID-19 incidence among adults randomized to a second booster of Prototype or Omicron-based vaccines.

Long-wavelength emission carbon dots as ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric dual-mode sensors for environmental sensing and bioimaging of hypochlorite.

For the first time, long-wavelength red emission carbon dots (R-CDs) were prepared as ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric dual-mode sensors for detecting ClO using a simple one-step hydrothermal method. R-CDs exhibited intrinsic red fluorescence at 587 nm. Upon interaction with ClO, a new and enhanced green fluorescence at 535 nm was observed, which was attributed to resulting from the oxidation of surface hydroxyl (-OH) groups to carbonyl (CO) groups.

Self-enhancing targeted nanoparticles mediating M6PR up-regulation on tumor cell membranes to promote Granzyme B internalization for sensitizing tumor immunotherapy.

Despite the tremendous potential of cancer immunotherapy, its clinical benefits remain limited. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune responses rely on the secretion of perforin and granzyme B (GZMB) to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. The mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) on tumor cell membranes can recognize GZMB and promote its internalization in a perforin-independent manner.

Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy for Central Sleep Apnea in Patients with Heart Failure: A Multi-site, Double-blind, Sham-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial (LOFT-HF).

Rationale: There are insufficient data to inform the management of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT) has been postulated to benefit CSA patients with HFrEF, but has not been rigorously studied. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.

PASS-01: Randomized Phase II Trial of Modified FOLFIRINOX Versus Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel and Molecular Correlatives for Previously Untreated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.

Purpose: To assess modified folinic acid/leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX; mFFX) versus gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (GnP) in de novo metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and explore predictive biomarkers.

Patients And Methods: Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to mFFX or GnP with exclusion of germline pathogenic variants in or . The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) between arms with 0.

The peculiarities of biochemical and morphological changes in the heart of the rats under chronic hypodynamia in the development of adrenalin damage of heart.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the state of oxidation processes and morphological changes in the heart of rats with chronic hypodynamia during the development of epinephrine heart damage (EHD)..

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 144 white male Wistar rats.