Adjusting the management of the Antarctic krill fishery to meet the challenges of the 21st century.

Antarctic krill () is the central prey species in the Southern Ocean food web, supporting the largest and fastest-growing fishery in the region, managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Climate change is threatening krill populations and their predators, while current catch limits do not take into account climate variability or krill population dynamics. In 2024, CCAMLR was unable to renew its spatial catch limits, highlighting the urgent need for improved management of the krill fishery to prevent any harm to the Southern Ocean ecosystem.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Biomarker in Clinically Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: SPIROMICS cohort.

Rationale: Inflammation is central to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis but incompletely represented in COPD prognostic models. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a readily available inflammatory biomarker.

Objectives: To explore the associations of NLR with smoking status, clinical features of COPD, and future adverse outcomes.

Understanding thromboembolus transport patterns in the brain for stroke in the presence of carotid artery stenosis.

Deciphering the source of an embolism is a common challenge encountered in stroke treatment. Carotid stenosis is a key source of embolic strokes. Carotid interventions can be indicated when a patient has greater than 50% stenosis in the carotid ipsilateral to the cerebral infarction, which is designated as the symptomatic carotid.

Prognostic Significance of Peripheral Blood Monocyte Count Among a National Cohort of Veterans with Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Introduction: Elevated peripheral blood monocyte counts (PBMC) are associated with disease progression and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, evidence for progression stems primarily from highly curated cohort studies or post-hoc analysis of clinical trials. We used real-world data to examine the association between PBMC and IPF mortality among a national cohort of Veterans with IPF.

Interferon-gamma 1b-induced gene expression alters neutrophil function in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548818.

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening for Adolescents and Young Adults in Emergency Departments.

Importance: Adolescents account for almost half of the 2.5 million diagnosed sexually transmitted infections in the US annually, and the emergency department functions as the primary source of health care for many adolescents. No recommendations exist for emergency department gonorrhea and chlamydia screening.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project: The Impact of Common Molecular Alterations on Overall Survival in NSCLC in Initial Analyses of the IASLC Ninth Edition Staging Database.

Introduction: TNM staging systems create prognostic categories by anatomic extent of disease. Whether therapeutically important molecular alterations in NSCLC augment the prognostic information of TNM staging is unclear. To study this, we analyzed molecular data from the ninth edition of the lung cancer staging system.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project: The Impact of Smoking Status on Lung Cancer Staging in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification.

Introduction: Cigarette smoking negatively affects lung cancer prognosis. Incorporating smoking history into stage-stratified survival analyses may improve prognostication.

Methods: Using the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer ninth edition NSCLC database, we evaluated the association between smoking status at diagnosis and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, region, sex, histologic type, performance status, and TNM stage.

Kinesin-8/Kip3 requires beta tubulin tail for depolymerase activity.

Carboxy-terminal tails (CTTs) of tubulin proteins are sites of regulating microtubule function. We previously conducted a genetic interaction screen and identified Kip3, a kinesin-8 motor, as potentially requiring the β-tubulin CTT (β-CTT) for function. Here we use budding yeast to define how β-CTT promotes Kip3 function and the features of β-CTT that are important for this mechanism.

Qualitative Exploration of the Impact of Workplace Culture on Belonging, Burnout, and Career Exit for Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Background: Gender disparities exist in cardiothoracic surgery (CT), though qualitative investigations are lacking. We aimed to explore the impact of workplace culture on belonging, burnout, and career exit for women in CT.

Study Design: We conducted virtual semi-structured interviews with women cardiothoracic surgeons in practice for ≥5 years across the United States from 9/2024 to 12/2024.

International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) consensus statement on training and testing in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders.

To enhance performance, increase resilience and prevent injuries, training and testing (T&T) are the most important strategies for preparing athletes for the demands of their sport. However, for competitive snow sports such as alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and snowboarding, there is little evidence and a lack of international harmonisation of current best practices. This consensus statement, commissioned by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS), aims to provide recommendations for the physical and psychological T&T of competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders within National Ski and Snowboard Associations.

Forward steps, lingering gaps: gender representation among distinguished speakers at professional conferences.

Plenary speakers serve as role models for early-career scholars, and these talks advance the speakers' careers while celebrating the important scientific contributions of women. Professional conferences are an ideal venue for assessing progress toward equity goals across disciplines. We examined gender disparities among distinguished speakers at North American ecology conferences from 2000 to 2023.

A natural language processing pipeline for identifying pediatric long COVID symptoms and functional impacts in freeform clinical notes: a RECOVER study.

Objective: To develop a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data to identify symptoms and functional impacts associated with Long COVID in children.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 48 287 outpatient progress notes from 10 618 pediatric patients from 12 institutions. We evaluated notes obtained 28 to 179 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test.

Ectopic adipose tissue in subsistence populations with minimal coronary disease, large left atria, and very low rates of atrial fibrillation.

Background: Greater deposits of epicardial adipose tissue are associated with atrial fibrillation and coronary disease, but have not been studied in subsistence populations.

Methods: We performed CT imaging to measure coronary artery and thoracic aortic calcium (CAC, TAC), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), liver density, and left atrial (LA) anteroposterior diameter and, using a deep learning-enabled software program, epicardial and thoracic fat volume (EFV, TFV), in two remote Amerindian subsistence populations with minimal coronary artery calcification and virtually no atrial fibrillation. We compared 893 adult Tsimane (mean age 58.

Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) Among Adolescents: A Narrative Review of an Emerging Public Health Epidemic.

The current electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) format was made known to the public in recent decades. Since then, it has gained widespread popularity, particularly among adolescents. A significant portion of young people in the United States and around the world are reported to use e-cigarettes.

HIV risk perception and associated factors among pregnant and breastfeeding women in Zambia: implications for PrEP uptake in antenatal and postnatal settings.

Introduction: HIV risk perception is seen as a key motivation for individuals to use biomedical HIV prevention interventions, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We determined HIV risk perception and associated factors among pregnant and breastfeeding women in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methodology: We conducted a cross sectional study among pregnant and breastfeeding women not living with HIV in a hospital setting in Lusaka, Zambia.

Associations between a novel measure of sleep health and cognitive functioning in middle childhood: a crosssectional Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort study.

Study Objectives: Research linking children's sleep to cognitive outcomes is inconsistent and has largely focused on one aspect of sleep, such as duration, rather than measuring multiple dimensions of sleep health. We hypothesized that children's sleep health would be positively associated with inhibitory control and cognitive functioning.

Method: We cross-sectionally assessed 1595 participants (ages 7-11) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Sleep Health of Children and Adolescents questionnaire, and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance/Sleep-related Impairment instruments.

Impact of Caregiver Status on Academic Achievements and Family-Work Conflict: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of US Neurology Faculty.

Background And Objectives: With more women entering the medical workforce, caregiving challenges and family-work conflicts are of growing importance to today's neurologists. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of caregiver (CG) status on academic achievements in neurology, analyze the division of labor and time devoted to domestic responsibilities, and measure family-work conflict in US academic neurology faculty.

Methods: A total of 19 US neurology departments completed a survey on baseline demographics, academic achievements, CG status, division of domestic time and labor, and responses on a FWC scale.

Programmable automated low-cost IoT water sampler.

Water quality management is a critical environmental challenge for water resource managers in agriculture and other sectors due to pollution from contaminants like nitrogen and phosphorus. This pollution degrades ecosystems in waterways worldwide. Environmental pollutant mitigation methods rely heavily on the ability of managers to monitor water quality, often by collecting water samples (either by manual or automated methods) and sending them out for analyte characterization by a laboratory.

Atomic-Scale Electric Potential Landscape across Molecularly Gated Bilayer MoS Resolved by Photoemission.

Electric gating in atomically thin field-effect devices based on transition-metal dichalcogenides has recently been employed to manipulate their excitonic states, even producing exotic phases of matter, such as an excitonic insulator or Bose-Einstein condensate. Here, we mimic the electric gating effect of a bilayer-MoS on graphite by charge transfer induced by the adsorption of molecular p- and n-type dopants. The electric fields produced are evaluated from the electronic energy-level realignment and Stark splitting determined by X-ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and compare very well with literature values obtained by optical spectroscopy for similar systems.

Chemically Recyclable and Tunable Polyolefin-Like Multiblock Copolymer Adhesives.

Adhesives are important in creating multilayer products, such as in packaging and construction. Most current hot-melt adhesives such as poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and polyurethanes lack chemical recyclability and do not easily de-bond, complicating recycling. Here, we achieved tunable adhesive properties of chemically recyclable polyolefin-like multiblock copolymers through regulating the incorporation of crystalline hard blocks, amorphous soft blocks, and ester content highlighted by adhesive strengths up to 6.

How Many Love Languages Are There? Examining Chapman's Five Love Languages Using a Bottom-Up Approach.

Chapman's Five Love Languages have been embraced by the public and incorporated into therapeutic practice, offering a simple framework for expressing and receiving love. However, it is unclear whether the proposed five love languages fully capture the multitude of ways that individuals express love. In three studies with individuals in long-term relationships residing in the United States (N = 696, 500, 499), we used a bottom-up approach to revise a previously developed measure of love languages using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Effects of Cannabinoids on Emotional States and Alcohol Use Among Underrepresented Groups: Moderation by Perceived Discrimination.

Objective: This study examined the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on negative mood and drinking behaviors, and whether those effects were moderated by levels of perceived discrimination among participants who identify with a racial, ethnic, gender, or sexual identity that is underrepresented in research.

Methods: Participants were either not using cannabis, using cannabis with THC, or using cannabis with CBD and were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4-weeks following ad libitum use of a legal market cannabis product that was randomly assigned to them. Primary outcomes included scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS) Scale and number of drinking days.

Cannabis administration is associated with reduced alcohol consumption: Evidence from a novel laboratory co-administration paradigm.

Background: Alcohol and cannabis co-use is increasingly prevalent across the U.S., concomitant with trends towards recreational cannabis legalization.