Embedded hardware-based adaptive filtering for noise reduction in bioimpedance data.

With the rise of wearable, affordable solutions using integrated circuits like the AD5933, noise reduction in bioimpedance data has become increasingly important. In this paper, we present an automated method for the realization of a digital filter for noise reduction in bioimpedance data. Unlike traditional methods that require manual tuning, our approach automatically adjusts the filter coefficients based on the characteristics of the incoming bioimpedance data - specifically by minimizing the smoothness difference between consecutive filtered data points.

Barium Titanate-Based Glass-Ceramics Crystallized from Multicomponent Oxide Glasses: Phase Composition and Microstructure.

The interest in synthesizing new dielectric materials is caused by their potential application in various electronic and sensor devices as well as in a large variety of electronic components. The present work reports the synthesis of glasses in the NaO/AlO/BaO/ZrO/TiO/BO/SiO system prepared by melt-quenching. These glasses were then crystallized to glass-ceramics by a controlled thermal treatment.

Resonant Cavity Effect for Spectrally Tunable and Efficient Narrowband Perovskite Photodetectors.

Narrowband photodetectors with precise spectral control offer significant potential for applications such as color imaging and machine vision. However, existing demonstrations have encountered challenges due to restricted absorption, the need for additional filters, or the inclusion of thick absorbing layers to facilitate charge collection filtering mechanisms. These constraints have resulted in suboptimal detectivity, inadequate color control, or slow response.

Reversible Magneto-Ionic Control of Exchange Bias in Coupled Spin-Valve-Like Heterostructures.

Voltage control of exchange bias (EB) is an important technological goal for low-power spintronic sensor and memory devices. The magneto-ionic (MI) approach for voltage-controlled EB is a promising strategy to achieve this goal, utilizing electrochemical reactions at low operational voltages. In typical MI devices, however, the sensitive EB layers are directly targeted by the electrochemical reactions, which often impairs reversibility.

Mitigating the seductive details effect by topic and irrelevance signals.

Background: Seductive details (interesting digressions in learning materials) are often integrated into learning units to make them more appealing to learners. However, studies indicate that this tends to overload students cognitively and impairs their learning performance.

Aims: The present study investigated whether these negative consequences can be mitigated if seductive details are marked as thematically independent from the rest (topic signals) or as thematically independent and learning-irrelevant (topic and irrelevance signals).

Si chiplet-controlled 3D modular microrobots with smart communication in natural aqueous environments.

Modular microrobotics can potentially address many information-intensive microtasks in medicine, manufacturing, and the environment. However, surface area has limited the natural powering, communication, functional integration, and self-assembly of smart mass-fabricated modular robotic devices at small scales. We demonstrate the integrated self-folding and self-rolling of functionalized patterned interior and exterior membrane surfaces resulting in programmable, self-assembling, intercommunicating, and self-locomoting micromodules (smartlets ≤ 1 cubic millimeter) with interior chambers for onboard buoyancy control.

General practitioners' and medical students' current knowledge and attitudes toward non-pharmacological interventions for dementia.

Background: General practitioners in Germany infrequently prescribe effective non-pharmacological interventions for dementia patients. The aim of this study was to investigate general practitioners' education, knowledge, and experiences as well as attitudes toward non-pharmacological interventions to identify potential strategies for increasing treatment quality.

Methods: Medical students ( = 115) and practitioners ( = 19) responded to an online survey about the content of their medical studies regarding dementia and two non-pharmacological interventions, occupational therapy and behavioral therapy.

Distance-Dependence of Photo-CIDNP in Biomimetic Tryptophan-Flavin Diads.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential tools in natural and life sciences, but their low sensitivity often hampers their applicability. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) offers a versatile and mild method to overcome this limitation. Here, we report on structure-photo-CIDNP relationship studies in liquid-state NMR utilizing a holistic approach.

Damage evolution of Cu-inductors used for electromagnetic forming.

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-speed forming technology using the interactions of pulsed currents and magnetic fields to apply Lorentz forces to electrically conductive workpieces. The damage behavior of Cu-inductors used for EMF was investigated by electron microscopy, particularly electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The process-specific electrical-thermo-mechanical load leads to plastic deformations on the inductor and melting and re-solidification of grain boundaries.

fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience.

As data analysis pipelines grow more complex in brain imaging research, understanding how methodological choices affect results is essential for ensuring reproducibility and transparency. This is especially relevant for functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a rapidly growing technique for assessing brain function in naturalistic settings and across the lifespan, yet one that still lacks standardized analysis approaches. In the fNIRS Reproducibility Study Hub (FRESH) initiative, we asked 38 research teams worldwide to independently analyze the same two fNIRS datasets.

Alcoholic Compounds-Physical Properties and Classification Categories, Including Monohydric, Dihydric, Polyhydric and Carbohydrate Derivatives.

The relationships between molar mass (M), density (ρ), relative static permittivity (ε), and refractive index ( ) of alcohol derivatives are investigated. It is important to determine the partial molar concentration of hydroxyl groups (N) and the partial molar concentration of CH bonds (N) and their effect on the physical properties of ε and with reference to the Clausius-Mossotti and Lorentz-Lorenz relationships. Unlike ε, the is a crucial physical criterion for the reliability of the approach.

Bridging Conflicting Views on Eye Position Signals: A Neurocomputational Approach to Perisaccadic Perception: Eye Position Information in Brain and Model.

Saccades are an integral component of visual perception, yet the accuracy and role of eye position signals in the brain remain unclear. The classical model of perisaccadic perception posits that the dorsal visual system combines an imperfect eye position signal with visual input, leading to systematic perisaccadic mislocalizations under specific experimental conditions. However, neurophysiological studies of eye position information have produced seemingly conflicting results.

How Do Humans Process Audiovisual Cues for Task-Switching While Walking? An EEG/ERP Study.

Contemporary work environments require humans to process audiovisual information displays during active locomotion. The attentional demands associated with using devices such as in-ear headphones and head-mounted displays may be significantly influenced by varying locomotor demands, yet this relationship remains poorly understood. This study investigates the interplay of information presentation modality, movement state, and cognitive task difficulty.

How a first impression biases cognitive load assessments: Anchoring effects in problem-solving tasks of varying element interactivity.

The anchoring effect is a cognitive bias in which people rely heavily on an initial piece of information when making judgments or decisions. Once an anchor - typically an objective numerical value - is set, subsequent assessments are adjusted around it, often insufficiently. The extent to which this effect influences cognitive load assessments is unclear.

Maximal strength training improves muscle-tendon properties and increases tendon matrix remodulation in well-trained triathletes.

This study assessed the effects of a 12-week strength training (ST) intervention on Achilles and patellar tendon stiffness and tendon-matrix blood-borne markers in well-trained triathletes performing concomitant high-volume aerobic training. Eighteen triathletes (VOmax: 64.43 ± 4.

Atomically precise bismuth oxido nanoclusters: cerium doping for optical modification and supramolecular self-assembly on Au(111).

The functionalization of atomically precise bismuth oxido nanoclusters (BiO-NCs) by partial substitution of bismuth with cerium, chiral modification by ligand substitution, and their 2D-supramolecular self-assembly on surfaces such as Au(111) and HOPG(0001) was studied. Starting from [BiO(NO)(dmso)](NO)·4dmso (C-1) and its cerium doped counterpart [BiO(NO)(dmso)]:Ce·1.5dmso (C-1:Ce), soluble BiO-NCs with a size of 2 nm are obtained by reaction with methacrylate and chiral carboxylates to give [BiO(L)] and [BiO(L)]:Ce with L = McO (C-2 and C-2:Ce), Boc-L-Phe-O (C-3 and C-3:Ce), and Boc-L-Ala-O (C-4 and C-4:Ce).

Evaluating Cubic Equations of State with Various α Functions for Viscosity Predictions of 124 Industrial Important Fluids Based on Residual Entropy Scaling.

Accurate prediction of viscosity remains a challenge in industry due to the lack of reliable simple universal models. This work investigates the accuracy of four cubic equations of state (EOS) with different α functions for pure fluid viscosity predictions based on the residual entropy scaling (RES). The cubic EOS are Peng-Robinson (PR), Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), Patel-Teja-Valderrama (PTV), and Yang-Frotscher-Richter (YFR), and the α functions are those proposed by Twu et al.

Monitoring of Layered Thermoplastic Composites Using Shape Memory Alloys as Integrated Sensors for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures.

Since lightweight design and construction safety is a crucial element in different sectors of industry, the use of SMA wires in composites could improve the monitoring and adjustment of mechanical properties starting from the product development process through to field use. This work shows how embedded SMA wires can lead to a better understanding of applied forces to a composite structure made of GFRP laminates. To achieve this, different methods will be addressed.

Constructing unverifiable reality: a qualitative study of the prison planet conspiracy hypothesis on YouTube.

Introduction: This study examines the construction of unverifiable realities through the analysis of a YouTube video and its associated comments on the theory, a spiritual and non-falsifiable conspiracy hypothesis. It investigates how digital interactions contribute to the legitimization of alternative epistemic frameworks.

Methods: Using Grounded Theory, the research analyzes the transcript of a 54-min YouTube video along with 450 viewer comments.

Reversible switching of the environment-protected quantum spin Hall insulator bismuthene at the graphene/SiC interface.

Quantum spin Hall insulators have been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally because they exhibit robust helical edge states driven by spin-orbit coupling and offer the potential for applications in spintronics through dissipationless spin transport. Here we show that a single layer of elemental Bi, formed by intercalation of an epitaxial graphene buffer layer on SiC(0001), is a promising candidate for a quantum spin Hall insulator. This layer can be reversibly switched between an electronically inactive precursor state and a bismuthene state, the latter exhibiting the predicted band structure of a true two-dimensional bismuthene layer.

Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.

Inspired by Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture and the 1966 film , the field of micro/nanorobots has evolved from science fiction to reality, with significant advancements in biomedical and environmental applications. Despite the rapid progress, the deployment of functional micro/nanorobots remains limited. This review of the technology roadmap identifies key challenges hindering their widespread use, focusing on propulsion mechanisms, fundamental theoretical aspects, collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence.

Correlations Between Achilles Tendon Stiffness and Jumping Performance: A Comparative Study of Soccer and Basketball Athletes.

: Human tendon properties influence athletic performance, and it was shown that Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness correlates with an athlete's jumping performance across sports. However, the findings on this relationship between basketball and soccer are different. Hence, this study examined the relationship between AT stiffness and jumping performance in male athletes.

Running and Jumping After Muscle Fatigue in Subjects with a History of Knee Injury: What Are the Acute Effects of Wearing a Knee Brace on Biomechanics?

The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints, involving various structures. To prevent reinjury after rehabilitation, braces are commonly used. However, most studies on knee supports focus on subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and do not account for muscle fatigue, which typically occurs during prolonged intense training and can significantly increase the risk of injury.

The Role of Exercise-Mode Variation in Daily Load Management Among World-Class Cross-Country Skiers.

Purpose: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the day-to-day mode periodization of endurance training among world-class cross-country skiers.

Methods: Three hundred sixty-five days of self-reported endurance training from 17 (7 female) world-class cross-country skiers (28 [3] y) were retrospectively analyzed. The data included information on session duration, intensity, and modality (eg, skating and classical skiing, roller skiing, running, cycling, kayaking, and others) and was separated into the general preparation (GP) and competition period (CP).