CyTOF profiling of bone marrow immune dynamics across myeloma stages.

Multiple myeloma (MM) orchestrates a profound disruption of immune balance within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, driving disease progression and therapeutic resistance. To better understand these complex immune dynamics, we used high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) profiling to comprehensively characterize the immune landscape of the BM across different stages of myeloma progression, including MGUS ( = 16), smoldering MM (SMM;  = 25), and active MM, both newly diagnosed ( = 43) and relapsed/refractory ( = 104). Our analysis revealed substantial immune remodeling during disease progression, characterized by adaptive immune suppression and extensive infiltration of innate immune populations.

Isosilybin B: a potential novel therapeutic agent with hepatoprotective, anticancer and antifibrotic properties.

Background: Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a plant for centuries well known for its hepatoprotective effects. The extract from seeds, silymarin, and its major compound, silibinin, are well studied for their hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects. The role of other minor compounds, such as isosilybin B, remains underexplored.

Looking beyond silybin: the importance of other silymarin flavonolignans.

Silymarin, an extract from the seeds of milk thistle (), has been widely studied and used for its hepatoprotective and pharmacological properties. For decades, both experimental and clinical research has been predominantly focused on a single component, silybin, while other related flavonolignans, such as silychristin, isosilybins, silydianin, dehydrosilybin, and the flavonoid taxifolin, have been understudied. However, these less known components may possess unique or even superior pharmacological activities compared to silybin, including strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and selective anticancer effects.

Advanced Carbon Nanostructures: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications II.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes [...

Novel Strategies Enhancing Bioavailability and Therapeutical Potential of Silibinin for Treatment of Liver Disorders.

Silibinin, a bioactive component found in milk thistle extract (), is known to have significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of various liver diseases. It is considered a key element of silymarin, which is traditionally used to support liver function. The main mechanisms of action of silibinin are attributed to its antioxidant properties protecting liver cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Long-Term Accumulation, Biological Effects and Toxicity of BSA-Coated Gold Nanoparticles in the Mouse Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys.

Introduction: Gold nanoparticles are promising candidates as vehicles for drug delivery systems and could be developed into effective anticancer treatments. However, concerns about their safety need to be identified, addressed, and satisfactorily answered. Although gold nanoparticles are considered biocompatible and nontoxic, most of the toxicology evidence originates from in vitro studies, which may not reflect the responses in complex living organisms.

Absolute energy levels in nanodiamonds of different origins and surface chemistries.

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are versatile, broadly available nanomaterials with a set of features highly attractive for applications from biology over energy harvesting to quantum technologies. synthesis and surface chemistry, NDs can be tuned from the sub-micron to the single-digit size, from conductive to insulating, from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and from positively to negatively charged surface by simple annealing processes. Such ND diversity makes it difficult to understand and take advantage of their electronic properties.

Effects of different-sized silver nanoparticles on morphological and functional alterations in lung cancer and non-cancer lung cells.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit unique physicochemical properties, making these nanomaterials attractive for various medical applications. Among them, AgNPs have shown great potential in the treatment of cancer by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibiting tumor growth, and enhancing the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Despite the promising therapeutical advantage of AgNPs, there are several challenges that need to be addressed.

Phytochemical-based nanodrugs going beyond the state-of-the-art in cancer management-Targeting cancer stem cells in the framework of predictive, preventive, personalized medicine.

Cancer causes many deaths worldwide each year, especially due to tumor heterogeneity leading to disease progression and treatment failure. Targeted treatment of heterogeneous population of cells - cancer stem cells is still an issue in protecting affected individuals against associated multidrug resistance and disease progression. Nanotherapeutic agents have the potential to go beyond state-of-the-art approaches in overall cancer management.

Functionalized Fullerenes and Their Applications in Electrochemistry, Solar Cells, and Nanoelectronics.

Carbon-based nanomaterials have rapidly advanced over the last few decades. Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and carbon-based quantum dots have been developed and intensively studied. Among them, fullerenes have attracted increasing research attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which have great potential in a wide range of applications.

Plate reader spectroscopy as an alternative to atomic absorption spectroscopy for the assessment of nanoparticle cellular uptake.

Fundamental studies investigating the biological effects induced by nanoparticles (NPs) explicitly require the correct assessment of their intracellular concentration. Ultrasensitive atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is perceived as one of the gold standard methods for quantifying internalized NPs. Besides its limitation to metal-based NPs though, AAS also requires specific infrastructure and tedious sample preparation and handling, making it time-consuming and cost-intensive.

Synthesis, Sorting, and Applications of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

The synthesis of high-quality chirality-pure single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is vital for their applications. It is of high importance to modernize the synthesis processes to decrease the synthesis temperature and improve the quality and yield of SWCNTs. This review is dedicated to the chirality-selective synthesis, sorting of SWCNTs, and applications of chirality-pure SWCNTs.

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Pyrrole-Bearing Methacrylate for Production of Carbonyl Iron Particles with Conducting Shell for Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding.

The conducting polymer poly(2-(1H-pyrrole-1-yl)ethyl methacrylate (PPEMA) was synthesized by conventional atom transfer radical polymerization for the first time from free as well as surface-bonded alkyl bromide initiator. When grafted from the surface of carbonyl iron (CI) a substantial conducting shell on the magnetic core was obtained. Synthesis of the monomer as well as its polymer was confirmed using proton spectrum nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR).

Nanotube Functionalization: Investigation, Methods and Demonstrated Applications.

This review presents an update on nanotube functionalization, including an investigation of their methods and applications. The review starts with the discussion of microscopy and spectroscopy investigations of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results of transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and resistivity measurements are summarized.

Biofilm inhibition by biocompatible poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules loaded with essential oils and their cyto/genotoxicity to human keratinocyte cell line.

Essential oils (EOs) of Thymus capitatus (Th) carvacrol chemotype and Origanum vulgare (Or) thymol and carvacrol chemotype were encapsulated in biocompatible poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (NCs). These nanosystems exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Th-NCs and Or-NCs were more effective against all tested strains than pure EOs and at the same time were not cytotoxic on HaCaT (T0020001) human keratinocyte cell line.

On the extraction of MoO photothermally active nanoparticles by gel filtration from a byproduct of few-layer MoS exfoliation.

Gel filtration is a versatile technique employed for biological molecules and nanoparticles, offering their reproducible classification based on size and shape. Colloidal nanoparticles are of significant interest in biomedical applications due to a large number of solution-based bioconjugation procedures. Nevertheless, the inherent polydispersity of the nanoparticles produced by various techniques necessitates the employment of high yield separation and purification techniques.

Diffraction pattern of Bacillus subtilis CotY spore coat protein 2D crystals.

Bacillus subtilis spore coat is a bacterial proteinaceous structure with amazing characteristics of self-organization, unique resiliency, toughness and flexibility in the same time. The spore coat represents a complex multilayered protein structure which is composed of over 80 coat proteins. Some of these proteins form two dimensional crystal structures who's low resolution ternary structure as was determined by electron microscopy.

Surface coating determines the inflammatory potential of magnetite nanoparticles in murine renal podocytes and mesangial cells.

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event and a dose-limiting factor in patient treatment and is a leading cause of prospective drug attrition during pharmaceutical development. Despite the obvious benefits of nanotherapeutics in healthcare strategies, the clearance of imaging agents and nanocarriers from the body following their therapeutic or diagnostic application generates concerns about their safety for human health. Considering the potency of nanoparticles and their massive utilization in biomedicine the impact of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on cells forming the filtration apparatus of the kidney was studied.

Selected Electrochemical Properties of 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-Thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(,-di-p-tolylaniline) towards Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.4% Efficiency.

Planar perovskite solar cells were fabricated on F-doped SnO (FTO) coated glass substrates, with 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(,-di-p-tolylaniline) (bTAThDaz) as hole transport material. This imine was synthesized in one step reaction, starting from commercially available and relatively inexpensive reagents. Electrochemical, optical, electrical, thermal and structural studies including thermal images and current-voltage measurements of the full solar cell devices characterize the imine in details.

Effect of Structure of Polymers Grafted from Graphene Oxide on the Compatibility of Particles with a Silicone-Based Environment and the Stimuli-Responsive Capabilities of Their Composites.

This study reports the utilization of controlled radical polymerization as a tool for controlling the stimuli-responsive capabilities of graphene oxide (GO) based hybrid systems. Various polymer brushes with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution were grafted from the GO surface by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The modification of GO with poly(-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), poly(trimethylsilyloxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMATMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

A bioconjugated MoS based nanoplatform with increased binding efficiency to cancer cells.

We evaluate the application of surfactant-free liquid-phase exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets as a nanoplatform for a cancer detection and treatment system equipped with an antibody-antigen based recognition element. Employing antigen-antibody binding, we increased the probability of the endocytosis of MoS2 nanosheets into CAIX expressing cells by 30%. The nanosheets are functionalized with a specific antibody M75, which forms an antigen-antibody complex with CAIX.