Medical Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges In Infectious Disease Management.

Globally, millions of individuals suffer from infectious diseases, which are major public health concerns caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. These diseases can be transmitted directly or indirectly from person to person, potentially leading to a pandemic or epidemic. Several advancements have been made in molecular genetics for infectious disease management, which include pharmaceutical chemistry, medicine, and infection tracking; however, these advancements still lack control over human infections.

Therapeutic strategies for Huntington's disease: current approaches and future direction.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal, progressive, dominant inherited neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. HD is caused by abnormal expansion of trinucleotide CAG in exon1 of the gene and the accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) fragments, which leads to neurotoxicity mainly in the brain's cortex region. This review aimed to collect current research on developing effective treatment strategies, including small-molecule approaches, gene therapies, and protein degradation techniques to reduce the mHTT levels.

Biochemical and Biophysical Investigation of a Calmodulin-Like Protein From Glycine max Delineates Its Role as a Calcium Sensor During Herbivory.

The environment surrounding plants is far from stable, compelling the plant to perceive and adapt to numerous biotic and abiotic constraints, including insect attacks. The perception of a feeding insect typically entails the identification of herbivore-associated molecular patterns causing a sequential increase in cytosolic Ca levels. Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are Ca sensor proteins with conserved EF-hands, which decode Ca signals to generate a stress-specific response.

Parkin, a key player in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis: A review.

Neurodegenerative diseases are an assortment of chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system. The primary cause of these diseases is a persistent decline in neuronal function, which results in cerebral atrophy. Parkinson's disease is currently the second most prominent neurodegenerative disease and might be the most exacerbated one too.

Phytochemicals as potential AXL inhibitors for cancer therapy: A computational study.

The TAM (Tyro3, AXL, and Mer) receptor tyrosine kinases play vital roles in immunity and various complex diseases, particularly cancer. In this family, AXL has stood out as a promising target for therapeutic development due to its significant role in cancer progression and resistance to therapies. AXL and its ligand GAS6 promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance in several human cancers.

Ameliorative effect of Bryonia laciniosa L. on the reproductive functions of diabetic male rats: combined in vivo and molecular dynamics study.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bryonia laciniosa is traditionally used in Ayurveda to treat various disorders, including diabetes and inflammation. It is also used as an aphrodisiac agent. Its potential to treat diabetes mellitus-associated reproductive dysfunction is still unexplored.

Aggregation-Prone Pathogenic SOD1 Variants in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from Computational Genomics and Evolutionary Conservation.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration and a median survival of 3-5 years post-diagnosis. While the etiology of ALS remains elusive, mutations in SOD1, encoding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme, are strongly associated with familial ALS (fALS). These mutations promote a toxic gain-of-function, primarily through SOD1 misfolding and aggregation.

Plant metabolites and functional foods in metastatic breast cancer: a supportive strategy for management.

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with metastatic and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes presenting particular therapeutic challenges. This review critically explores the potential supportive role of plant-derived bioactive compounds present in functional foods and nutraceuticals in modulating cancer-related biological pathways. Metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-apoptotic effects in preclinical and studies.

Structure-based identification of bioactive compounds as trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists for the therapeutic management of major depressive disorder.

The global burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) drives ongoing efforts to develop safer and more targeted treatment strategies. Modern advances have identified trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) as a promising non-monoaminergic target with demonstrated efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric conditions, including MDD. Discovering TAAR1 agonists holds promise for modulating neuropsychiatric disorders while potentially reducing the common side effects associated with conventional therapies.

Insights into Caspase-6 Mutations and Neuropathology in Huntington's Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: A Structural Genomics and Drug Repurposing Approach.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition that typically appears later in life, marked by progressive motor impairments, cognitive deterioration, and a range of psychiatric disturbances. Crucial to HD pathogenesis is the aberrant activation of caspase-6 (CASP6), which leads to the cleavage of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein, generating a toxic N-terminal fragment. CASP6 activity is elevated in human HD brains and is associated with the progression of neuropathology.

Development, Characterization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Stability Evaluation of a Miconazole Nitrate Nanocrystal-loaded Hydrogel for Topical Application.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop, characterize, optimize, and evaluate the in vitro ex vivo drug release and stability of miconazole nitrate (MN)-loaded nanocrystal for topical drug delivery. MN is an antifungal agent with poor oral bioavailability and significant first-pass metabolism, necessitating alternative administration routes. Nanoformulations with lipidic/polymeric nanoparticles can overcome conventional system formulation limitations.

Marine Bacteriophages as Next-Generation Therapeutics: Insights into Antimicrobial Potential and Application.

Microbial infections are an escalating global health threat, driven by the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has made many conventional antibiotics increasingly ineffective and threatens to reverse decades of medical progress. The rapid emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have severely limited treatment options, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden worldwide. In response to these challenges, phage therapy is regaining interest as a promising alternative.

The neuroprotective role of chlorogenic acid and Fisetin in differentiated neuronal cell line-SHSY5Y against amyloid-β-induced neurotoxicity.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lacks effective therapies. Fisetin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are natural polyphenols have shown potential in mitigating several age-related diseases. Therefore this study investigates their neuroprotective effects against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity in differentiated SHSY5Y cells.

Thiazolyl Benzenesulfonamide Derivative as a Novel Inhibitor of Thymidine Kinase: Promising Therapeutics Against Staphylococcus aureus.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necessitates novel antimicrobial strategies. This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of thiazolyl benzenesulfonamide-derived synthetic kinase inhibitors targeting thymidine kinase (TK), essential for bacterial DNA metabolism. Derivatives were synthesized via aromatic ring modifications and characterized by H/C NMR.

Differential Methylation Patterns Predict HBsAg Seroconversion in Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation Patients.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) modulates immune epigenetic landscape. Therefore, we investigated immune epigenetic landscape in HBsAg seroconverters and non-seroconverters.

Methods: Sixteen rHBV patients including seroconverters (SC,  = 7) and non-seroconverters (NSC,  = 9) at baseline and week 24 were recruited.

Phospholipid-based nanolipid carriers for dual kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer.

Aim: Current research is focused on developing phospholipid-based nanolipidic carrier (NLC) to deliver lapatinib (LNB) and imatinib (INB) to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and an in vivo mammary tumor model.

Materials And Methods: Breast cancer (BC) was induced in female rats via the chemical carcinogen 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The dual drug-loaded phospholipid-based NLC were made via a hot microemulsion process.

Decoding Myosin-3 mutational hotspots: Linking deleterious variants to Duchenne muscular dystrophy severity and psychiatric comorbidities.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disorder primarily caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. While the loss of dystrophin is central to DMD pathogenesis, impaired muscle regeneration further exacerbates disease severity. As MYH3-encoding Myosin-3 is involved in muscle development and regeneration, we examined how it could be added to the list of possible contributors to DMD pathology.

Emerging biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from pathogenesis to clinical applications.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative condition marked by the gradual loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. As the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease, ALS manifests through gradually worsening muscle weakness that ultimately progresses to complete paralysis. The disease presents in both sporadic and familial forms.

Multi-targeted approach via apigenin-7-O-glucoside for therapeutic intervention of Tau phosphorylating kinases in Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading tauopathies in which several kinases phosphorylate Tau in response to Aβ oligomers, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or disruption of the key signaling pathways. Tau is phosphorylated by Ser/Thr kinases such as GSK3β, CDK5, MAPK14, and MARK2, as well as Tyr kinases like Fyn. Given the large crosstalk among these kinases, targeting one of these kinases is ineffective in treating tauopathies such as AD, highlighting the need for a multi-targeted approach.

Caloric restriction mimetics chlorogenic acid and fisetin as potential autophagy inducers targeting ATG101.

Autophagy is an important cytoprotective process impaired in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The initiation process is mediated by the protein kinase Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) complex. ATG101, a cytosolic protein, plays a pivotal role in initiating autophagy as a component of the ULK complex in mammalian cells.

Current advancement in AI-integrated drug discovery: Methods and applications.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in prominence over the decade and continues to advance frighteningly. With additional research in the computer hardware field, the accuracy and precision of AI models will increase exponentially. The interdisciplinary nature of AI expands the possibility of application in every field of study.

Biophysical and computational insights into glycol-mediated modulation of amyloid dye affinity.

Protein aggregation is main pathological hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative disorders. The characterization of protein aggregates is critical for understanding their role in disease progression as well as for developing therapeutic interventions. Thus, to study protein folding and aggregation, molecular crowding agents commonly being used to mimic the in vivo condition.

Targeting tau hyperphosphorylation-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease via ABL1 kinase inhibition: Insights from microsecond MD simulation and MM/PBSA analyses.

The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins serves as the pathological driver in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 is among the kinases responsible for tau phosphorylation, and its overexpression significantly contributes to AD development. Neuroinflammation resulting from tau hyperphosphorylation can be prevented by developing therapeutic strategies that inhibit ABL1 activity.

Synthesis and evaluation of thiazolyl coumarin drug conjugates as carbonic anhydrase isozyme inhibitors by using integrated invitro and insilico approaches.

A new series of thiazolyl-coumarin-drug conjugates were synthesized through the reaction of 3-bromoacetylcoumarin and N-substituted and N, N-di-substituted thioureas. The synthesized compounds were characterized byH-NMR,C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and thoroughly analyzed through in-vitro and in-silico studies. Among these, derivatives 8b and 8d demonstrated significant inhibitory effects during in vitro analysis.

Microplastics assessment in the lower stretch of the Ganga River sediment from East Indian region: Influence of land use and rainfall patterns.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is increasingly viewed as a serious threat to waterways. However, little is known about the effects of land use and rainfall patterns on the occurrence and distribution of MPs in the river sediments. Herein, the MP pollution in different land uses (Settlement, waterbodies, vegetation, agriculture, fallow land, and open spaces) along the lower stretch of the Ganga River, in the East Indian region, was investigated.