Biosurfactants as next-generation antimicrobials: mechanistic insights and applications in antibiofilm strategies for combatting antimicrobial resistance.

Biosurfactants, amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms, are emerging as promising next-generation antimicrobials due to their diverse structures and mechanisms of action. This review explores the potential of biosurfactants in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and their applications across various fields. We discuss the classification of biosurfactants, including glycolipids, lipopeptides, and phospholipids, highlighting their unique structural features and microbial origins.

Therapeutic strategies for Huntington's disease: current approaches and future direction.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal, progressive, dominant inherited neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. HD is caused by abnormal expansion of trinucleotide CAG in exon1 of the gene and the accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) fragments, which leads to neurotoxicity mainly in the brain's cortex region. This review aimed to collect current research on developing effective treatment strategies, including small-molecule approaches, gene therapies, and protein degradation techniques to reduce the mHTT levels.

Functional Genomics and Probiotic Traits of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MB685 from Fermented Broccoli: Gut Health and Metabolic Insights.

The current study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic bacteria with potential health benefits from fermented broccoli. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated, and two strains (MB685 and MB686) were selected based on their probiotic potential. The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH and temperature variations, and survived well in bile salt concentrations of 0.

A comprehensive review on plant-derived bioactive saponins as promising antimicrobial agents: from bioavailability challenges, molecular mechanistic insights to therapeutic applications.

A major worldwide health concern is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), driving an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Saponins, glycosylated phytochemicals with amphiphilic structures, have emerged as promising candidates owing to their wide-ranging antimicrobial effects. These substances exhibit potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal activity against pathogens like Candida and Trichophyton species.

Modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways by polyphenol-rich Pleurospermum candollei extract in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

Background: Pleurospermum candollei is a locally used vegetable traditionally known for its medicinal properties in alleviating pain and joint discomfort. The present research was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of P. candollei butanol extract (PCB) in the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model.

Structure-based identification of bioactive compounds as trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists for the therapeutic management of major depressive disorder.

The global burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) drives ongoing efforts to develop safer and more targeted treatment strategies. Modern advances have identified trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) as a promising non-monoaminergic target with demonstrated efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric conditions, including MDD. Discovering TAAR1 agonists holds promise for modulating neuropsychiatric disorders while potentially reducing the common side effects associated with conventional therapies.

Ilimaquinone as a novel marine sponge-derived antibacterial agent: mechanistic insights into its antibiofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory properties targeting bacterial virulence.

This study evaluates the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum-sensing (QS) properties of ilimaquinone (IQ) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The agar cup diffusion method revealed significant bacterial inhibition, with minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 25 μM and 12.

NEU1-Mediated Extracellular Vesicle Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanistic Insights into Intercellular Communication and Therapeutic Targeting.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by the pathological accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, both of which disrupt neuronal communication and function. Emerging evidence highlights the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key mediators of intercellular communication, particularly in the propagation of pathological proteins in AD. Among the regulatory factors influencing EV composition and function, neuraminidase 1 (NEU1), a lysosomal sialidase responsible for desialylating glycoproteins has gained attention for its involvement in EV glycosylation.

Elucidation of Artemisinin as a Potent GSK3β Inhibitor for Neurodegenerative Disorders via Machine Learning-Driven QSAR and Virtual Screening of Natural Compounds.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) is a key enzyme involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, contributing to tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, and neuronal dysfunction. : This study applied a machine learning-driven virtual screening approach to identify potent natural inhibitors of GSK3β. A dataset of 3092 natural compounds was analyzed using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), with feature selection focusing on key molecular descriptors, including lipophilicity (ALogP: -0.

Neuroprotective potential of quercetin in Alzheimer's disease: targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and amyloid-β aggregation.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cholinergic deficits, all of which contribute to neuronal damage and cognitive decline.

Methods: This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of quercetin, a natural flavonoid, in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Aβ-induced toxicity. Various assays were conducted to evaluate cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Aβ aggregation.

Protective effects of polyphenolic-enriched Pleurospermum candollei extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular disease in rats: modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Objectives: Pleurospermum candollei is used to treat abdominal problems, heart diseases, gastric issues, and cerebral disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of P. candollei aqueous extract (PCA) against Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac failure in rats.

Flunarizine as a potential repurposed drug for the serotonin transporter inhibition: an integrated approach for therapeutic development against major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious neuropsychiatric condition that affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant psychological distress and lifestyle deterioration. The serotonin transporter, which plays a critical role in regulating the uptake of serotonin (5-HT) back into presynaptic cells, is a primary target for antidepressants. Though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are still the pharmacologic treatment of choice, alternative methods remain in demand to enhance the efficacy of treatment and offer more therapeutic options.

Next-generation nanotechnology-integrated biosurfactants: Innovations in biopesticide development for sustainable and modern agriculture.

The increasing global demand for eco-friendly agricultural practices necessitates the development of innovative pest management solutions, effectively addressing the environmental and ecological issues associated with traditional chemical pesticides, such as pest resistance, environmental contamination, and non-target organism toxicity. Biosurfactants, biologically derived amphiphilic molecules from microbial and plant sources, offer distinct advantages including biodegradability, excellent surface-active properties, and inherent antimicrobial efficacy, making them as promising candidates for sustainable pest management and control. Concurrently, nanotechnology introduces innovative delivery mechanisms, enhancing biopesticide stability, solubility, and targeted application, significantly minimizing off-target impact and environmental footprint.

Green synthesis of plant-derived ZnO nanoparticles: Characterization, pharmacokinetics, molecular interactions, and antimicrobial and antifungal evaluation.

Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) are used to counteract various medicinal and industrial problems. This study aimed to biosynthesize zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) from the plant species Aloe vera L., Peganum harmala L.

Heptaminol-induced metabolic liver and cardiac injuries in rats: phytochemical screening, experimental, computational modelling and pharmacological study of seeds.

Heptaminol (HEP) is widely used and characterized by liver and cardiac risk factors, dysregulated prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and inflammation. This study aimed to study the phytochemical composition of date seeds of (DSPE) by GC-MS analysis and to assess the antioxidant, anticoagulant and ACE activities. The hepato and cardiotoprotective effect against HEP-induced toxicity in rats have been assessed using biochemical, histological and computational assays.

Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum-derived biosurfactants as eco-friendly biocontrol agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties for sustainable applications.

Biosurfactants are eco-friendly surface-active biomolecules with diverse applications in biotechnology, agriculture, and healthcare. This study identifies Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum (C. oceanosedimentum) as a novel biosurfactants producer with potent biocontrol potential against bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Development and health impact assessment of a novel functional probiotic beverage by fermenting hibiscus tea with coconut water.

This study developed a probiotic beverage by fermenting hibiscus tea with coconut water using (10307). The strain demonstrated survival at pH-3.0 and pH-2.

Mechanistic Insights into the Neuroprotective Potential of (L.) Correa Fruits against Aβ-Induced Cell Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells.

: Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disability that progresses over time, ultimately resulting in the loss of neurons. The side effects and limitations of current synthetic drugs have shifted attention toward natural alternatives. This study investigates the ethanolic extract of (L.

Insights into the Therapeutic Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Against Colorectal Cancer: An Integrated Approach Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation.

This study presents a novel and comprehensive investigation into the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) effects and underlying mechanisms of () using an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Using an integrated approach, six bioactive compounds and 40 potential targets were identified. A compound-target network was constructed, and enrichment analysis was performed to explore the key pathways influenced by .

Improving mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes integrity as converging therapeutic strategy for rare neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.

Membrane contact sites harbor a distinct set of proteins with varying biological functions, thereby emerging as hubs for localized signaling nanodomains underlying adequate cell function. Here, we will focus on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), which serve as hotspots for Ca signaling, redox regulation, lipid exchange, mitochondrial quality and unfolded protein response pathway. A network of MAM-resident proteins contributes to the structural integrity and adequate function of MAMs.

Quercetin Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Activities Against Gram-Negative Bacteria: In Vitro and In Silico Investigation Targeting Antimicrobial Therapy.

Quercetin (QC), a flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic properties. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing (QS) activities of QC against Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and in silico. The findings of this study demonstrate MIC values of 125 μg/mL for , 250 μg/mL for , and 500 μg/mL for , indicating its antibacterial potential abilities.

Multi-target approach to Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and amyloid- modulating mechanisms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and progressive cognitive decline, posing a significant global health challenge. Growing evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols may reduce the risk and progression of AD through multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms. Polyphenols regulate amyloid proteostasis by inhibiting β/γ-secretase activity, preventing Aβ aggregation, and enhancing clearance pathways.

Mechanistic Insights into the Anticancer Potential of Willd. Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation Study.

: The present study investigated the anticancer potential of Willd. against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using a combined in silico and in vitro approach. : Network pharmacology identified 115 potential targets shared between phytochemicals and TNBC, highlighting key cancer-related pathways.

Therapeutic Potential of Plant- and Marine-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Prostate Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Applications.

It is widely recognized that prostate cancer is a multifaceted illness that is the second most common cause of cancer-related fatalities among males. Natural sources from both plants and marine organisms have long been used in treating various diseases and in the discovery of new pharmaceutical compounds. Medicinal plants, in particular, provide bioactive substances like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and steroids.

Database of Ichthyofauna in urban streams of Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Background: Urbanisation leads to the degradation of ecosystems through various factors, such as the deterioration of water quality, changes in water and material cycles and the degradation of biological habitats. Amongst these, aquatic organisms are particularly affected by the loss of habitats due to river canalisation and the impacts of invasive species. It has been widely reported that, in regions where invasive species have been introduced and native species have declined, homogenisation of fish populations occurs, resulting in a significant reduction in biodiversity.