Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigated nitrogen leaching by enhancing soil nitrogen retention in Abel. soils.

Nitrogen leaching is a major pathway of nitrogen fertilizer loss. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to reduce nitrogen leaching by improving plant nitrogen uptake, the soil-based mechanisms remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, with four nitrogen levels (0, 3.

CAKUT subtypes determine the rate of progression to kidney failure - an adult patient cohort study.

Background And Hypothesis: Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) are the leading cause of pediatric kidney failure (KF) and a significant contributor to KF in adults. Progression to KF varies widely. Early renal risk stratification is challenging, due to a lack of data on long-term kidney outcomes during adulthood.

Correction: Berardo et al. Expanded Newborn Screening in Italy: The First Report of Lombardy Region. 2025, , 31.

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Overview and expansion of CEP85L-associated lissencephaly.

Defective neuronal migration causes lissencephaly (LIS), a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) with a smooth cerebral surface and abnormal cortical thickness. Variants in CEP85L are linked to posterior predominant LIS, but the phenotype and genotype are unclear. Three new unrelated cases of CEP85L-associated LIS are presented, including the first prenatal diagnosis and a mosaic variant.

Incorporating Nanopore Sequencing Into a Diverse Diagnostic Toolkit for Incontinentia Pigmenti.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare hereditary disorder affecting 1.2 in 100,000 live births, predominantly females. Genetic analysis of IP is complicated by a homologous pseudogene, making conventional short-read sequencing challenging.

Beyond newborn screening: the role of reverse cascade testing in familial disease detection.

Over the past 60 years, preventative public health screening programs have evolved since their inception and now include newborn screening (NBS) aimed at identifying infants after birth for a number of rare, congenital, inherited diseases. Most of the conditions detected through NBS are autosomal recessive disorders or exhibit X-linked inheritance, meaning that family members of individuals with these conditions have a higher risk for being either affected or obligate heterozygotes. For example, the X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) in the screening panel identifies affected newborns and asymptomatic relatives through subsequent testing.

A new optical fiber sensor based on the CDs@UiO66 complex fluorescence probe for nitric oxide detection.

Nitric oxide (NO) is extensively involved in many physiological and pathological processes in biological systems and is of great significance in chemical and biomedical applications. Herein, a novel optical fiber NO sensor based on the carbon quantum dots (CDs)@UiO66 complex was prepared, in which CDs@UiO66 was encapsulated within cellulose acetate (CA) as a fluorescence probe to form the NO-sensitive film coated on the optical fiber end-face through a dip-coating method. The fluorescence properties and morphology of the CDs@UiO66 complex and its sensitive film were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy, and contact angle tests.

One-Year Monitoring of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants Through Wastewater Analysis (Central Italy, August 2023-July 2024).

Wastewater surveillance has proven to be a cost-effective, non-invasive method for monitoring the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, yet its value during today's low-incidence phase is still being defined. Between August 2023 and July 2024, 42 composite wastewater samples were collected in Perugia, Italy and analyzed using RT-qPCR and whole-genome sequencing to identify circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages. In parallel, clinical samples (respiratory tract samples) were collected and analyzed, allowing for direct comparisons to confirm the robustness of the wastewater findings.

Dietary pattern and nutritional assessment in a cohort of mothers identified by neonatal screening for cobalamin deficiency in offspring: an Italian single center experience.

During pregnancy, nutrient requirements increase while deficiencies can significantly affect pregnancy outcomes. Deficiencies may result from inadequate dietary intake, impaired absorption, or restrictive diets. This study aimed to retrospectively assess the nutritional status and dietary intakes in a cohort of mothers whose newborns were identified with vitamin B12 deficiency of maternal origin through Newborn Screening.

Expanded Newborn Screening in Italy: The First Report of Lombardy Region.

Background: Newborn screening (NBS) is a preventive healthcare program aiming at identifying the inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in asymptomatic infants to reduce the risk of severe complications. The aim of this study was to report the first years (2016-2020) of the expanded NBS program in the Lombardy region, Italy.

Methods: Dried blood spots were collected from newborns' heels at 48-72 h after birth.

Newborn Screening for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in Tuscany: The Paradigm of a Successful Preventive Medicine Program.

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare inherited disorder of lysosomal storage, caused by a deficiency in the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) enzyme, leading to toxic accumulation of sulfatides, which progressively impair motor and cognitive function. MLD is a candidate for inclusion in newborn screening (NBS) programs, due to the narrow pre-symptomatic window for effective therapeutic intervention. We set up a prospective pilot NBS program for MLD in Tuscany, based on a two-step approach.

Genomic landscape of multiple myeloma and its precursor conditions.

Reliable strategies to capture patients at risk of progression from precursor stages of multiple myeloma (MM) to overt disease are still missing. We assembled a comprehensive collection of MM genomic data comprising 1,030 patients (218 with precursor conditions) that we used to identify recurrent coding and non-coding candidate drivers as well as significant hotspots of structural variation. We used those drivers to define and validate a simple 'MM-like' score, which we could use to place patients' tumors on a gradual axis of progression toward active disease.

Dynamics of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated to COVID-19: steady severity despite declining cases and new SARS-CoV-2 variants-a single-center cohort study.

Unlabelled: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a serious condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and the occurrence and severity of MIS-C is unknown. We analyzed the dynamics of MIS-C in the Milan metropolitan area (Italy) during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the epidemiologic trends and disease severity in relation to different VOCs in a single-center study.

Alpaca. A Simplified and Reproducible Python-Based Pipeline for Absolute Proteome Quantification Data Mining.

The accurate construction of computational models in systems biology heavily relies on the availability of quantitative proteomics data, specifically, absolute protein abundances. However, the complex nature of proteomics data analysis necessitates specialised expertise, making the integration of this data into models challenging. Therefore, the development of software tools that ease the analysis of proteomics data and bridge between disciplines is crucial for advancing the field of systems biology.

Expression and function of Connexin 43 and Connexin 37 in the murine zona glomerulosa.

The zona glomerulosa (ZG) synthesizes the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. The primary role of aldosterone is the maintenance of volume and electrolyte homeostasis. Aldosterone synthesis is primarily regulated via tightly controlled oscillations in intracellular calcium levels in response to stimulation.

Amino Acid Patterns in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Biochemical Evaluation.

Background: The metabolism of plasma amino acid (AA) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been extensively investigated, yielding inconclusive results. This study aims to characterize the metabolic alterations in AA profiles among early-diagnosed children with ASD and compare the findings with those from non-ASD children.

Methods: We analyzed plasma AA profiles, measured by ion exchange chromatography, from 1242 ASD children (median age = 4 years; 81% male).

Corrigendum: Viable but nonculturable state in the zoonotic pathogen induced by low-grade fever temperature and antibiotic treatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.

TiC MXene/GNRs for synergistically highly enhanced sensitivity of optical fiber SPR acetylcholine biosensors via an electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly method.

Improving the sensitivity of biosensor has always the major challenge to measure lower detection concentration of biological samples. In this paper, a novel optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on TiC MXene/GNRs synergistically highly enhanced sensitivity was proposed. The TiC MXene and GNRs were coated on the optical fiber sensing probe by the electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) assembly method.

NAT2 Slow Acetylator Phenotype as a Significant Risk Factor for Hepatotoxicity Caused by Antituberculosis Drugs: Results From a Multiethnic Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Under standard therapies, the incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with tuberculosis ranges from 2% to 28%. Numerous studies have identified the risk factors for antituberculosis DILI; however, none have been conducted in a multiethnic real-world setting. The primary outcome of the current study was to identify the risk factors that could be used as the best predictors of DILI in a multiethnic cohort.

Integrated Use of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Prediction Tools for Risk Prognostication.

Key Points: The Mayo clinic imaging classification and the predicting renal outcome in polycystic kidney disease score are used to assess the risk of progression to kidney failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Mayo imaging classification and predicting renal outcome in polycystic kidney disease show little concordance; combined use increased the ability to identify rapid progression especially among intermediate risk patients. Accurate risk prediction is key for determining indication for specific treatment.

Viable but nonculturable state in the zoonotic pathogen induced by low-grade fever temperature and antibiotic treatment.

The zoonotic pathogen is responsible for diverse human diseases, from mild to life-threatening, but it often eludes detection in culture-based assays. This study investigates the potential of to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state when exposed to human fever temperature or antibiotics, with this state confirmed by successful resuscitation. Viability was assessed using SYBR Green I/PI staining and propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), while culturability was determined through colony-forming unit (CFU) counting on blood agar plates.