Improving functional correlation of quantification of interstitial lung disease by reducing the vendor difference of CT using generative adversarial network (GAN) style conversion.

Objective: To assess whether CT style conversion between different CT vendors using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) could minimize variation in ILD quantification, resulting in improved functional correlation of quantitative CT (QCT) measures.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who underwent unenhanced chest CTs with vendor A and a pulmonary function test (PFT) were retrospectively evaluated. As deep-learning based ILD quantification software was mainly developed using vendor B CT, style-converted images from vendor A to B style were generated using RouteGAN.

Comparison of CT findings between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and non-basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

This study aimed to compare computed tomography (CT) findings between basaloid lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and non-basaloid SCC. From July 2003 to April 2021, 39 patients with surgically proven basaloid SCC were identified. For comparison, 161 patients with surgically proven non-basaloid SCC from June 2018 to January 2019 were selected consecutively.

Clinical Implications of the Obstructive Pattern on Chest Radiography in Children Aged 3-59 Months With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical implications of the obstructive pattern on plain chest radiography, defined as peribronchial cuffing or hyperinflation, in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).

Methods: We reviewed all children aged 3‒59 months with LRTIs who underwent radiography and polymerase chain reaction in a Korean emergency department from 2016 through 2020. The radiographs were read as consolidation, peribronchial cuffing, or hyperinflation, with each interrater reliability computed.

Attention-based Fusion Network for Breast Cancer Segmentation and Classification Using Multi-modal Ultrasound Images.

Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women. Thus, early detection and treatment of cancer lead to a better outcome for the patient. Ultrasound (US) imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of breast cancer, providing a cost-effective, convenient, and safe diagnostic approach.

The Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Sign: A Novel Imaging Marker for Differentiating Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type from Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Background And Purpose: The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a hallmark feature of multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C), typically observed in advanced stages of the disease; however, it can also present in other conditions such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), making the differentiation challenging. The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) sign may be observed in various medical conditions and in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), known to be affected in MSA-C, may exhibit hyperintensity on FLAIR imaging, potentially aiding in differentiating MSA-C from SCA.

Factors Associated with Malignant Biopsy Results for Newly Detected Lesions within One Year after Breast Cancer Surgery.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with malignant biopsy results for new lesions within one year after breast cancer surgery.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 192 lesions from 186 patients who underwent biopsy for newly developed breast lesions within one year of breast cancer surgery. All patients underwent breast ultrasound (US) at 6 months and breast US with mammography one year after surgery.

Clinical and radiologic features of soft tissue sarcoma in trunk and extremities that underwent unplanned excision.

Background: To identify the clinical and imaging characteristics of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the trunk and extremities that undergo unplanned excision.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the data of patients with STS in the trunk or extremities between January 2008 and December 2021. Patients were divided into unplanned and planned excision groups based on their initial treatment.

Erratum: Standardized Ultrasound Evaluation for Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Adults: 2024 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement.

This corrects the article on p. 942 in vol. 25, PMID: 39473087.

Reduced Vestibular Function is Associated with Cortical Surface Shape Changes in the Frontal Cortex.

Aging-associated decline in peripheral vestibular function is linked to deficits in executive ability, self-motion perception, and motor planning and execution. While these behaviors are known to rely on the sensorimotor and frontal cortices, the precise pathways involving the frontal and sensorimotor cortices in these vestibular-associated behaviors are unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, this cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between age-related variation in vestibular function and surface shape alterations of the frontal and sensorimotor cortices, considering age, intracranial volume, and sex.

Automatic Virtual Contrast-Enhanced CT Synthesis Using Dual-Energy CT and Residual U-Net with Attention Module for Detecting Pulmonary Hilar Lymphadenopathy.

Rationale And Objectives: To propose an automatic virtual contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) synthesis using dual-energy CT and a Residual U-Net with an attention module to detect clinically significant hilar lymphadenopathy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2082 patients who underwent dual-energy chest CT scans. Our approach utilized a Residual U-Net combined with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to transform non-contrast CT images into virtual contrast-enhanced CT images.

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas abutting the right posterior diaphragm: factors associated with tumor recurrence and overall survival.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of subphrenic hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using ultrasound (US) guidance presents a challenge.

Purpose: To evaluate local tumor progression (LTP) and overall survival (OS) after RFA of right posterior subphrenic HCCs, and to identify the risk factors for LTP and OS after RFA.

Material And Methods: We screened patients who underwent US-guided RFA for a single HCC <3 cm in the right posterior subphrenic area.

Development of a flexible feature selection framework in radiomics-based prediction modeling: Assessment with four real-world datasets.

There are several important challenges in radiomics research; one of them is feature selection. Since many quantitative features are non-informative, feature selection becomes essential. Feature selection methods have been mixed with filter, wrapper, and embedded methods without a rule of thumb.

Clinical significance of CA 19-9 elevation during postoperative surveillance for extrahepatic bile duct cancer: a nomogram-based approach for the prediction of short-term recurrence.

Background: This study aimed to assess the significance of elevated carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in postoperative surveillance of extrahepatic bile duct cancer and to identify short-term recurrence predictors.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with elevated CA 19-9 post-curative surgery. Patients were categorized into positive and negative CT groups based on the detection of recurrence at CA 19-9 elevation.

xIV-LDDMM Toolkit: A Suite of Image-Varifold Based Technologies for Representing and Mapping 3D Imaging and Spatial-omics Data Simultaneously Across Scales.

Advancements in imaging and molecular techniques enable the collection of subcellular-scale data. Diversity in measured features, resolution, and physical scope of capture across technologies and experimental protocols pose numerous challenges to integrating data with reference coordinate systems and across scales. This paper describes a collection of technologies that we have developed for mapping data across scales and modalities, such as genes to tissues, specifically in a 3D setting.

Survey of Experts' Opinions on the Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms.

Objective: To survey experts' opinions in abdominal radiology (radiologists) and pancreas-specialized gastroenterology (pancreatologists) in South Korea regarding diagnosing and managing pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs).

Materials And Methods: Between August 25, 2023, and October 5, 2023, an online survey was conducted among members of the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology and the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association via email invitation.

Results: The responses from 100 radiologists and 41 pancreatologists were analyzed.

Optic flow density modulates corner-cutting in a virtual steering task for younger and older adults.

There is a critical need to understand how aging visual systems contribute to age-related increases in vehicle accidents. We investigated the potential contribution of age-related detriments in steering based on optic flow, a source of information known to play a role in navigation control. Seventeen younger adults (mean age: 21.

Posterior subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage as a mild form of hemorrhage in extremely preterm infants: neurodevelopmental outcomes at corrected ages of 18-24 months.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effects of both the presence and size of posterior subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage (PS-GMH), considered a mild form of hemorrhage, on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 221 extremely preterm infants, assessing their initial and term-equivalent age (TEA) cranial ultrasound (cUS) examinations from 2016 to 2021. Infants were classified based on the presence and size (small/large) of PS-GMH.

Assessment of Nonmass Lesions Detected with Screening Breast US Based on Mammographic Findings.

Background Breast nonmass lesions (NMLs) are observed at screening and diagnostic US. However, knowledge is limited on imaging features of NMLs at screening US. Purpose To identify features of NMLs at screening US that are suspicious for malignancy based on mammographic findings.

Standardized Ultrasound Evaluation for Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Adults: 2024 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement.

Active surveillance (AS) has been widely adopted as an alternative to immediate surgery owing to the indolent nature and favorable outcomes of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). AS is generally recommended for tumors measuring ≤1 cm without aggressive cytological subtypes, risk of gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM), or distant metastasis. AS requires careful patient selection based on various patient and tumor characteristics, and ultrasound (US) findings.

Macrofollicular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Ultrasonographic findings and clinical implications.

The macrofollicular subtype of papillary thyroid cancer (MFS-PTC) is a rare subtype often leading to a challenging diagnosis. To evaluate the ultrasonographic (US) features and clinical implication of MFS-PTC. Records of 14 patients histologically diagnosed with MFS-PTC at our institution over a period of 16 years were retrospectively reviewed.

Universally Consistent K-Sample Tests via Dependence Measures.

The K-sample testing problem involves determining whether K groups of data points are each drawn from the same distribution. Analysis of variance is arguably the most classical method to test mean differences, along with several recent methods to test distributional differences. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of a transformation that allows K-sample testing to be carried out using any dependence measure.

Correlation between CT-based phenotypes and serum biomarker in interstitial lung diseases.

Background: The quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) serum level has gained importance in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication of interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the associations between quantitative analysis of CT and serum KL-6 level remain poorly understood.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study conducted at tertiary hospital between June 2020 and March 2022, quantitative analysis of CT was performed using the deep learning-based method including reticulation, ground glass opacity (GGO), honeycombing, and consolidation.