Texture and flavor switchable emulsion gels for replaced fat with improved mouthfeel and aromatic characteristics.

Plant-based fat replacers have attracted considerable interest owing to their contributions to environmental sustainability, animal welfare, and health benefits. Their textural properties and flavor release behavior during processing are key determinants of their quality. Herein, a dual-network gel was produced using gellan gum and curdlan, which are thermally reversible and irreversible gel samples, respectively.

Metagenomic characterization of antibiotic resistance genes and human bacterial pathogens in groundwater from agricultural, landfill, and hazardous waste disposal sites (HWDS) sources: Drivers, risks, and source tracking.

Agricultural sources, landfills, and hazardous waste disposal sites (HWDS) are major hotspots for the spread of groundwater antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human bacterial pathogens (HBPs). However, there is a lack of systematic understanding regarding the environmental behavior of groundwater ARGs, the pathogenic risks of HBPs, and the relative contribution mechanisms of different sources, presenting critical scientific challenges for developing targeted groundwater pollution control strategies. To address this, this study collected 26 groundwater metagenomic samples to characterize the composition, influencing factors, and health risks of ARGs and HBPs near key ARG reservoirs, and constructed a source-tracking indicator system.

Regional changes in shear modulus of the biceps femoris long head following load application to the biceps femoris short head.

Understanding the mechanical behavior of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) may be insightful due to its high susceptibility to strain injuries, particularly during high-speed running in sports, such as soccer and track and field. While prior research has focused on intrinsic muscle properties, emerging evidence suggests that the biceps femoris short head (BFsh) may influence BFlh tension. Thus, we examined the effects of BFsh load application on the tensile strength and regional shear modulus of the BFlh.

The effects of exogenous testosterone and facial attractiveness on men's altruistic punishment behavior.

Altruistic punishment is crucial in promoting cooperation and maintaining social fairness. The third-party punishment (TPP) game, a typical paradigm testing altruistic punishment behavior, involves individuals incurring personal costs to punish norm violations others commit. This altruistic (costly) punishment has been suggested as an adaptive trait in human evolution, influencing behaviors such as mate selection.

The effects of missing data due to study dropout on longitudinal analysis inference using outcome-dependent sampling.

Background: Existing longitudinal cohort study data and associated biospecimen libraries provide abundant opportunities to efficiently examine new hypotheses through retrospective specimen testing. Outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) methods offer a powerful alternative to random sampling when testing all available specimens is not feasible or biospecimen preservation is desired. For repeated binary outcomes, a common ODS approach is to extend the case-control framework to the longitudinal setting.

Principles of Industry-Academic Partnerships Informed by Digital Mental Health Collaboration: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Cross-sector collaboration is increasingly recognized as essential for addressing complex health challenges, including those in mental health. Industry-academic partnerships play a vital role in advancing research and developing health solutions, yet differing priorities and perspectives can make collaboration complex.

Objective: This study aimed to identify key principles to support effective industry-academic partnerships, from the perspective of industry partners, and develop this into actionable guidance, which can be applied across sectors.

Cycling-Based Telerehabilitation: Acceptability and Feasibility Study.

Background: Telerehabilitation is a promising solution to provide continuity of care. Most existing telerehabilitation platforms focus on rehabilitating upper limbs, balance, and cognitive training, but exercises improving cardiovascular fitness are often neglected.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a telerehabilitation intervention combining cognitive and aerobic exercises.

Identifying Success Factors for Optimizing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Indigenous Populations in Taiwan: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated economies and strained health care systems worldwide. Vaccination is crucial for outbreak control, but disparities persist between and within countries. In Taiwan, certain indigenous regions show lower vaccination rates, prompting comprehensive inquiries.

Does a lifestyle-based intervention improve sleep quality in individuals with major depressive disorder? A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global disability, contributing to substantial individual, social, and economic burdens. While antidepressant therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, complementary lifestyle-based interventions, such as multimodal exercise and mindfulness, have shown promise in alleviating mood symptoms. However, their specific impact on sleep quality, a critical therapeutic target in MDD, remains underexplored.

Freestyle master's swimming: Nationality, sex, and performance trends in World Aquatics competitions (1986-2024).

Background: In sports science, freestyle swimming has been thoroughly studied for particular performance-related factors. Nonetheless, it is unknown what countries the top freestyle swimmers are from, especially not for age group swimmers. In addition, the existing research on the performance of master freestyle swimmers has yet to confirm that male swimmers achieve faster times than their female counterparts across all age groups and distances.

Matrix games between full siblings in Mendelian populations.

We develop a model that integrates evolutionary matrix game theory with Mendelian genetics. Within this framework, we define the genotype dynamics that describes how the frequencies of genotypes change in sexual diploid populations. We show that our formal definition of evolutionary stability for genotype distributions implies the stability of the corresponding interior equilibrium point in the genotype dynamics.

Time-restricted feeding leads to sex- and organ-specific responses in the murine digestive system.

Food intake is a key regulator of the digestive system function; however, little is known about organ- and sex-specific differences in food-driven regulation. We placed male and female C57Bl/6 mice on time-restricted feeding (TRF), limiting access to food to an 8-hour window. Food was added either at dark (ZT12) or light (ZT0) onset for 14 days.

Trust or money? Barriers to health and healthcare behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to examine how trust in institutions and changes in household finances were associated with healthcare utilization and preventive behaviors during and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened health disparities, ignited distrust in healthcare systems, and contributed to household economic shifts for many United States (US) residents. To examine these issues, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of US residents in July 2020 (n = 1,085) and May 2023 (n = 2,189).

Age-related change in children's physical activity and sedentary time: The International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD).

Background: Many young people fail to achieve the minimum recommended amount of physical activity to benefit their health. Understanding the nature of age-related changes in behaviour and how this varies for population sub-groups is informative for intervention design. The aim of this study was to describe age-related changes in physical activity and sedentary time and examine variability in patterns of change across demographic sub-groups.

The "Secret of Seven Stones": Short-Term Efficacy of an Online Intergenerational Sexual Health Education Game for Early Adolescents and Their Parents.

Intergenerational games offer a potential channel to impact parent-youth sexual health communication. The "Secret of Seven Stones" (SSS) is an 18-level online adventure game and parent website designed to engage parents and youth (11-14 years) in conversations about healthy dating relationships and sexual behavior and to provide sexual health skills training to youth. Study hypotheses were that SSS exposure would increase sexual health parent-child communication, increase youth intentions to delay sexual debut, and reduce youth exposure to situations that promote sexual activity.

Factors associated with persistent high healthcare service utilisers in Singapore: A population health analysis.

Introduction: Albeit comprising a small portion of the hospital population, persistent high utilisers (PHUs) contribute disproportionately to healthcare expenditures. Amid rising healthcare costs and an ageing population, this study examines factors associated with PHUs among residents in eastern Singapore.

Method: This is a retrospective study of eligible patients at Changi General Hospital in Singapore between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022.

What are we missing? What are we assuming? The need to foster feature discovery tools to improve statistical models.

Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) has been profoundly influential to neuroimaging as it has fostered rigorous, statistically grounded structure for model-based inferences that have led to mechanistic insights about the human brain over the past 30 years. The statistical constructs shared with the world through SPM have been instrumental for deriving meaning from neuroimaging data; however, they require simplifying assumptions which can provide results that, while statistically sound, may not accurately reflect the mechanisms of brain function. A platform that fosters the exploration of the rich and varying neuronal and physiologic underpinnings of the measured signals and their associations to behavior and physiologic measures needs a different set of tools.

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Tobacco treatment in the context of lung cancer screening.

Tobacco use is the primary contributor to disease and death in the United States, and cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Safe and effective treatments for tobacco dependence exist; however, access to and use of tobacco treatment remains low. The most recent Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services National Coverage Determination requires a shared decision-making visit for lung cancer screening that includes counseling on the importance of maintaining cigarette smoking abstinence if a person formerly smoked; or the importance of smoking cessation if a person currently smokes and, if appropriate, furnishing of information about tobacco-cessation interventions.

Teledermatological services at a Swiss university hospital - evaluation of patient benefits and economic impact .

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of online consultation services in a Swiss dermatological clinic as a tool for triage, focusing on time savings, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness.

Methods: Over a period of 30 months, data were generated from a publicly available store-and-forward teledermatological platform (www.derma2go.

Toward Health Equity: A Workshop Report on the State of the Science of Obesity Interventions for Adults.

Objective: From October 18-20, 2022, the National Institutes of Health held a workshop to examine the state of the science concerning obesity interventions in adults to promote health equity. The workshop had three objectives: (1) Convene experts from key institutions and the community to identify gaps in knowledge and opportunities to address obesity, (2) generate recommendations for obesity prevention and treatment to achieve health equity, and (3) identify challenges and needs to address obesity prevalence and disparities, and develop a diverse workforce.

Methods: A three-day virtual convening.

Hydroclimatic Rebound Drives Extreme Fire in California's Non-Forested Ecosystems.

The catastrophic Los Angeles Fires of January 2025 underscore the urgent need to understand the complex interplay between hydroclimatic variability and wildfire behavior. This study investigates how sequential wet and dry periods, hydroclimatic rebound events, create compounding environmental conditions that culminate in extreme fire events. Our results show that a cascade of moisture anomalies, from the atmosphere to vegetation health, precedes these fires by around 6-27 months.

BOLD Long-Range Temporal Correlations Reflect Changes in Language and Depression Across Intensive Aphasia Therapy.

Background: Intensive language-action therapy treats language deficits and depressive symptoms in chronic poststroke aphasia, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain underexplored. Long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) in blood oxygenation level-dependent signals indicate persistence in brain activity patterns and may relate to learning and levels of depression. This observational study investigates blood oxygenation level-dependent LRTC changes alongside therapy-induced language and mood improvements in perisylvian and domain-general brain areas.

The Health Belief Model and Pediatric Fissure Sealant Therapy: Identifying Predictors of Parental Behavior-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Dental caries in children remains a global health challenge. Fissure sealant therapy (FST) is an effective preventive measure, yet parental acceptance remains low. This study aimed to identify predictors of parental FST behavior for children aged 6-12 years in Bandar Abbas, Iran, using the health belief model (HBM).

Neural dynamics of proactive and reactive cognitive control in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex.

Goal-directed behavior requires adjusting cognitive control, both in preparation for and in reaction to conflict. Theta oscillations and population activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) are known to support reactive control. Here, we investigated their role in proactive control using human intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during a Stroop task that manipulated conflict expectations.