Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Testing for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Advanced Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common solid tumor in men, and its incidence is strongly dependent on age. With the aging global population, this poses a significant medical and sociodemographic issue. As treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) expand, the proportion of elderly patients with CRPC is expected to increase.

GPC3-mediated lysosome-targeting chimeras (GLTACs) for targeted degradation of membrane proteins.

Membrane protein degradation is a cutting-edge field in targeted protein degradation (TPD). Herein, we developed glypican-3 (GPC3)-mediated lysosome-targeting chimeras (GLTACs) as a novel strategy for the targeted degradation of tumor-specific membrane proteins. GLTACs utilize tumor-specific expression and endocytosis properties of GPC3 to degrade membrane proteins.

Exploring the chemistry of higher acenes: from synthesis to applications.

This review explores the advancements in the chemistry of higher acenes and their derivatives, with a focus on their synthesis, characterization, and potential applications. Historically, higher acenes have presented challenges to study due to their inherent instability and reactivity under ambient conditions. However, innovative synthetic strategies, including on-surface synthesis and the precursor approach, have significantly contributed to the ability to synthesize higher acenes even at preparative scales while evaluating their magnetic and semiconducting properties.

Multiancestry Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes Associated with Hepatoblastoma.

Background: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare embryonal liver tumor, with an increasing global incidence that underscores the need to understand its genetic etiology.

Methods: Utilizing the ancestry-matched expression quantitative loci data, we performed a HB transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) on 4,539 Europeans, 1,047 Latinos, and 378 African Americans (∼1:10 case-control ratio). We conducted a meta-analysis of multiancestry transcriptome-wide analysis (METRO), followed by METRO-Egger sensitivity analysis and ancestry-specific gene set enrichment analyses.

Fractal charge distribution on closed surfaces generated by finite element triangles.

A finite element method is employed to calculate the spatial electric potential generated by isolated conductors, where free charges distribute themselves in accordance with classical electrostatics. Remarkably, a novel fractal structure emerges in the surface charge distribution on curved geometries such as spheres and tori. This fractal behavior is distinct from that of the finite element area distribution, highlighting a fundamental difference: the fractal patterns that arise under physical constraints-specifically, Coulomb's law in this study-differ significantly from those produced by purely geometrical operations.

Accessing a Hidden Pathway to Supramolecular Toroid through Vibrational Strong Coupling.

Control over specific intermolecular interactions is crucial to the formation of unique supramolecular assemblies. Recently, vibrational strong coupling (VSC) has emerged as a new tool for manipulating these interactions. Although VSC shows promise for controlling molecular assembly, it has not yet demonstrated the capability to open a pathway for creating structures that are inaccessible by conventional assembly methods.

Hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in children, with an incidence of approximately 1.5 cases per million children per year. Most cases are sporadic, typically presenting at a median age of 18 months, with only 5% occurring after 4 years of age.

Lead Optimization and Target Identification of Carboline Antifungal Agents.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe invasive fungal infection that poses a significant global health burden due to the lack of effective treatment options. To address this, there is an urgent need to develop novel antifungal drugs and identify new antifungal targets to provide more effective therapeutic strategies. On the basis of our previously identified anticryptococcal lead compound , herein, four series of new derivatives were designed by scaffold hopping.

Biological activities of BY2-melanin, a plant-type eumelanin, isolated from cultured tobacco BY-2 cells.

BY2-melanin, a plant eumelanin distinct from nitrogen-free plant allomelanins, was previously isolated from cultured BY-2 tobacco cells. Herein, the biological activities of BY2-melanin, including its ability to protect against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and antioxidant activity, were investigated. Based on the survival rate of , the ability of BY2-melanin to protect against UVR was three and eight times higher than that of melanins isolated from fungi and bacteria, respectively.

Structure-Activity Relationship in PtCo L10 Ordered Phase ORR Catalysts: Pt-Rich Shell Having Anisotropic Lattice Distortion Revealed by PDF and XAS Analysis.

Ordered intermetallic PtCo alloys are promising candidates for next-generation low-Pt catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their high activity and stability originating from ligand and strain effects. However, the influence of the ordered phase on the surface structure, especially after Pt-rich shell formation, remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the structural and electrochemical properties of PtCo catalysts with varying degrees of ordering, prepared by controlling the annealing temperature and time.

RBM39 Promotes Base Excision Repair to Facilitate the Progression of HCC by Stabilising OGG1 mRNA.

Targeting base excision repair (BER) has been an attractive strategy in cancer therapeutics. RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) modulates the alternative splicing of numerous genes involved in cancer occurrence and progression. However, whether and how RBM39 regulates BER in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear.

IgM-functionalized biomimetic nanovaccine for immunological activation and bacterial toxin neutralization.

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are exotoxins secreted by bacteria that aggregate and perforate cell membranes through mechanisms such as binding to specific membrane proteins, thereby killing cells and promoting bacterial invasion, migration, and proliferation. In this study, an anti-virulence factor strategy and vaccine were combined to develop folic acid-modified red blood cell membrane-hybrid liposomes (FA-RCM-Lips). By utilizing the aggregation and perforation mechanism of pore-forming toxins on red blood cell membranes, Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A (VvhA) was efficiently loaded as the antigenic protein, thereby neutralizing the toxicity of the toxin while maximizing the retention of its antigenic activity and constructing a toxoid nanovaccine (FA-RCM-Lips(VvhA)).

Dual inhibition of GTP-bound KRAS and mTOR in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma harboring KRAS G12C.

Background: Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations are somatic variants in lung adenocarcinoma. One of the most prevalent mutations, G12C, has led to the clinical approval of targeted inhibitors for advanced stages in lung cancer. Research has increasingly focused on the efficacy of combination therapies that target multiple tumorigenic pathways.

Treatment of Intermediate-Risk Hepatoblastoma Using a Combined Cisplatin and Doxorubicin (PLADO) Regimen and Optimized Surgical Resection.

Background: Complete resection of the primary tumor is critical for the survival of children with hepatoblastomas (HBs). This prospective clinical study aimed to clarify the outcome of a chemotherapy regimen comprising cisplatin and doxorubicin (PLADO) followed by definitive surgery conducted at the appropriate time in patients with intermediate-risk HB.

Methods: Intermediate-risk HB was defined as patients without evidence of metastatic disease who met any of the following criteria: age ≥3 years; PRETEXT IV disease; presence of more than one PRETEXT annotation factor.

Conjugated Lithocholic Acid Activates Hepatic TGR5 to Promote Lipotoxicity and MASLD-MASH Transition by Disrupting Carnitine Biosynthesis.

Conjugated lithocholic acid (LCA) plays a critical role in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this process, hepatocyte inflammation-caused upregulation of its receptor, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a crucial factor. Serum bile acid profiling shows an increase in conjugated LCA, which correlates with disease severity.

Identification of a Growth-Promoting Gene Cluster in the Region 2q24 as a Driver of Tumorigenesis in Childhood Hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) represents the most common primary malignancy of the liver in childhood. Cytogenetic studies uncovered characteristic copy number alterations in HB. The frequent gain of chromosome 2q and particularly the recurrent 2q24 amplification suggest the presence of a so far unidentified oncogenic driver within this amplicon.

Basis Set Incompleteness Errors in Fixed-Node Diffusion Monte Carlo Calculations on Noncovalent Interactions.

Basis set incompleteness error (BSIE) is a common source of error in quantum chemistry calculations, but it has not been comprehensively studied in fixed-node Diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) calculations. FN-DMC, being a projection method, is often considered minimally affected by basis set biases. Here, we show that this assumption is not always valid.

Low-Energy Electron Inelastic Mean Free Path for Liquid Water.

We study the low-energy electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) for liquid water within the dielectric formalism. We calculate the energy-loss function (ELF) for liquid water in the time-dependent density-functional theory and indicate that the main loss peak is not related to plasmon excitation. Using the obtained ELF, we determine the IMFP for liquid water.

Development of a real-time boron imaging method for BNCT using CdTe-DSD at the JRR-3.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a neutron-based cancer treatment requiring a real-time B dose monitor to optimize effectiveness. We report using of the cadmium telluride double-sided strip detector (CdTe-DSD), distinguished by its high-energy resolution in full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 7.3 keV at 511 keV and a spatial resolution of 250μm for accurate boron imaging.

Targeting HSP90 with Ganetespib to Induce CDK1 Degradation and Promote Cell Death in Hepatoblastoma.

Background/objectives: Hepatoblastoma, the most common malignant liver tumor in pediatric patients, is characterized by a remarkably low mutation rate, thereby impeding targeted therapies. Current treatment regimens rely on conventional cytotoxic agents that often cause severe adverse effects, necessitating the search for novel, less toxic therapeutic approaches.

Methods: In this study, we explored the anti-tumor potential of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors using a unique collection of hepatoblastoma in vitro models.

Macroscopic Structural Transition of Nickel Dithiolate Capsule with Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy in Water.

Meeting the Internet of Things (IoT) demand for flexible organic spintronics requires dynamically flexible, "soft" organic magnetic materials. These materials should be capable of reordering their macroscopic assemblies in response to external stimuli. Unlike conventional rigid, "hard" crystalline organic paramagnets, that are typically composed of open-shell π- or d/π-conjugated planar molecules and rely on intermolecular interactions in the ordered, assembled structures, soft paramagnets necessitate a delicate balance between long-range structural order (essential for controlling magnetic properties) and dynamic flexibility a challenge previously unmet for open-shell planar molecules.

MVP-LCN2 axis triggers evasion of ferroptosis to drive hepatocarcinogenesis and sorafenib resistance.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance by modulating RNA metabolism. However, the role of RBPs in hepatocarcinogenesis and progression remains elusive. Here, RBPs screening and integrating analyses identify major vault protein (MVP) as an oncogenic RBP in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and sorafenib resistance via suppressing ferroptosis.

Global cross-database search system for X-ray absorption spectra.

While the importance of a systematic overview of scientific data and demands toward data integration are increasing, data capitalization and confidentiality are also emerging competitively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has a strong tradition of data sharing, as cross-referencing data enhances the detailed understanding of the obtained spectra. While physically integrating databases in various formats is impractical, a system has been successfully developed that allows cross-searching among Japanese, USA and European databases in cyberspace.

Rigidity-Driven Structural Isomers in the NaCl-GaS System: Implications for Energy Storage.

Alternative energy sources require the search for innovative materials with promising functionalities. Systems with unusual chemical properties represent an insufficiently explored domain, concealing unexpected features. Using diffraction and Raman spectroscopy over a wide temperature range, supported by first-principles simulations, a rare phenomenon is unveiled: phase-dependent chemical interactions between binary components in the NaCl-GaS system.