Bioaccumulation, Distribution and Biotransformation of Cylindrospermopsin in Potato () After Exposure by Surface or Sprinkler Irrigation.

Cylindrospermopsin is an emerging cyanotoxin that can lead to phytotoxicity through different mechanisms. The presence of CYN in irrigation waters is of concern due to potential accumulation in plants, increasing the risk of human exposure by the consumption of vegetables. In this case, it is proposed to evaluate the effects of CYN on a crop considered staple food in Colombia, such as , group Phureja var Criolla Colombia, known as "yellow potato".

Isolation and Biosynthesis of Hyellamide, a Glycosylated N-Acyltyrosine Derivative, from the Cyanobacterium LEGE 07179.

Recent analyses of genome data indicate that members of the cyanobacterial order Pleurocapsales show tremendous potential for natural product discovery. However, only a few compounds have been reported from this order. Here, we report the isolation of hyellamide (), a glycosylated N-acyl tyrosine-derived eneamide, from the pleurocapsalean cyanobacterium LEGE 07179.

Phenotypic screening in zebrafish larvae identifies promising cyanobacterial strains and pheophorbide a as insulin mimetics.

Diabetes is a pandemic disease that causes the loss of control of glucose regulation in the organism, in consequence of dysfunction of insulin production or functionality. In this work, the antidiabetic bioactivity of 182 fractions from 19 cyanobacteria strains derived from the LEGE Culture Collection were analysed using the 2-NBDG assay in zebrafish larvae. From this initial screening, two fractions (57 (06104_D) and 107 (03283_B)) were identified as promising insulin mimetics.

Antifouling activity and ecotoxicological profile of the cyanobacterial oxadiazine nocuolin A.

Pursuing effective and biocompatible natural compounds to supplant current biocidal antifouling (AF) technologies remains crucial and challenging. Among natural products hosts, cyanobacteria are recognized as producers of bioactive secondary metabolites that are underexplored in terms of anti-biofilm and AF potential. Nocuolin A, a natural oxadiazine previously isolated and known to be produced by different cyanobacterial strains, has demonstrated bioactive potential, particularly against tumor cell lines.

Darifenacin: a promising chitinase 3-like 1 inhibitor to tackle drug resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most aggressive malignancies. Our previous work revealed Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) involvement in PDAC resistance to gemcitabine, identifying it as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we aimed to identify putative CHI3L1 inhibitors and to investigate their chemosensitizing potential in PDAC.

Chalcone derivatives as promising antifoulants: Molecular optimization, bioactivity evaluation and performance in coatings.

Marine biofouling remains a huge concern for maritime industries and for environmental health. Although the current biocide-based antifouling coatings can prevent marine biofouling, their use has been associated with toxicity for the marine environment, being urgent to find sustainable alternatives. Previously, our research group has identified a prenylated chalcone (1) with promising antifouling activity against the settlement of larvae of the macrofouling species Mytilus galloprovincialis (EC = 16.

Association of rs324420 (C385A) Polymorphism with High-Level Performance in Volleyball Players.

Genetic variants are recognized to affect athletic performance, partially by modulating competition-facilitating behavior. In this study, the role of three genetic variants previously linked to athlete status was investigated among elite volleyball players. A total of 228 players (26.

Evaluating dried salted cod amino acid signature for nutritional quality assessment and discriminant analysis.

Aim: Thus, the aim of this study was to answer three scientific questions: (1) Are the protein content and amino acid profile of dried salted cod influenced by species (Gadus morhua and Gadus macrocephalus)? (2) Are the protein content and amino acid profile of dried salted cod influenced by the geographical area of capture (Iceland and Norway)? and (3) Does the amino acid profile have the potential to be used as a discriminator of species and geographical areas of capture?

Methods: A total of 45 dried salted cods (2-3 kg of dry weight;  = 15 samples/origin) were used in this study. The Atlantic cod was fished in the Atlantic northeast (FAO 27 area) within the Exclusive Economic zones (EEZ) of Norway ( = 15) and Iceland ( = 15), while the Pacific cod was caught in the Pacific northeast (FAO 67 area) within the Alaska EEZ ( = 15). Total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, in accordance with the AOAC procedures.

Non-B DNA conformations analysis through molecular dynamics simulations.

Background: Non-B DNA conformations are molecular structures that do not follow the canonical DNA double helix. Mutagenetic instability in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes has been associated with simple non-B DNA conformations, as hairpins or more complex structures, as G-quadruplexes. One of these structures is Structure A, a cloverleaf-like non-B conformation predicted for a 93-nt (nucleotide) stretch of the mtDNA control region 5'-peripheral domain.

A community resource for paired genomic and metabolomic data mining.

Genomics and metabolomics are widely used to explore specialized metabolite diversity. The Paired Omics Data Platform is a community initiative to systematically document links between metabolome and (meta)genome data, aiding identification of natural product biosynthetic origins and metabolite structures.

Glyphosate in Portuguese Adults - A Pilot Study.

Background: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum biocide and the active ingredient in the most widely used herbicides worldwide. Since 2015, when the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified it as a Class 2A carcinogen, global interest in this chemical spiked particularly as regards exposure of the general population.

Objective: An exploratory glyphosate exposure assessment was conducted among Portuguese adults.

Norfluoxetine and venlafaxine in zebrafish larvae: Single and combined toxicity of two pharmaceutical products relevant for risk assessment.

Antidepressant metabolites are found in natural and waste waters. However, investigation of their toxic effects on aquatic animals, single or in mixture with other occurring psychoactive drugs, has been neglected. Here, effects of 80hpf exposure to norfluoxetine (0.

A new method for the simultaneous determination of cyanotoxins (Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin) in mussels using SPE-UPLC-MS/MS.

The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), Microcystin-RR (MC-RR), Microcystin-YR (MC-YR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) simultaneously from mussels by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to validate the method by a dual solid phase extraction (SPE) system combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The optimal parameters were: 90% MeOH (% v/v) for the extraction, a solvent/sample ratio of 75 and 15% MeOH in the extract before loading onto SPE. Mussels were spiked at 10; 37.

Bioprospection of Isochrysis galbana and its potential as a nutraceutical.

Microalgae have strong potential as novel sources of nutraceuticals, as they contain significant amounts of highly valuable bioactive compounds. This study focuses on the bioprospection of biomass of the microalga Isochrysis galbana and its extracts (aqueous and ethanolic), determining total polyphenols, laminarin, fucoxanthin, coenzyme Q10, and β-carotene contents, and also assessing several biological activities (antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and hypocholesterolemic). I.

Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Ocean Warming: Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicological Responses in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream ().

Warmer seawater temperatures are expected to increase harmful algal blooms (HABs) occurrence, intensity, and distribution. Yet, the potential interactions between abiotic stressors and HABs are still poorly understood from ecological and seafood safety perspectives. The present study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the bioaccumulation/depuration mechanisms and ecotoxicological responses of juvenile gilthead seabream () exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) under different temperatures (18, 21, 24 °C).

Synthesis of New Proteomimetic Quinazolinone Alkaloids and Evaluation of Their Neuroprotective and Antitumor Effects.

New quinazolinone derivatives of the marine-derived alkaloids fiscalin B () and fumiquinazoline G (), with neuroprotective and antitumor effects, were synthesized. Eleven quinazolinone-containing indole alkaloids were synthesized, proceeding the analogs via a one-pot method, and the analogs by the Mazurkiewicz-Ganesan approach. The neuroprotection capacity of these compounds on the rotenone-damage human neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5y was evaluated using the MTT assay.

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2.

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) are toxins produced by different cyanobacterial species, which are found mainly in freshwater reservoirs. Both of them can induce, separately, toxic effects in humans and wildlife. However, little is known about the toxic effects of the combined exposure, which could likely happen, taking into account the concomitant occurrence of the producers.

Performance of secondary wastewater treatment methods for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern implicated in crop uptake and antibiotic resistance spread: A review.

Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) discharged in effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), not specifically designed for their removal, pose serious hazards to human health and ecosystems. Their impact is of particular relevance to wastewater disposal and re-use in agricultural settings due to CEC uptake and accumulation in food crops and consequent diffusion into the food-chain. This is the reason why the chemical CEC discussed in this review have been selected considering, besides recalcitrance, frequency of detection and entity of potential hazards, their relevance for crop uptake.

New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin in Vegetable Matrices by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS.

Cyanotoxins are a large group of noxious metabolites with different chemical structure and mechanisms of action, with a worldwide distribution, producing effects in animals, humans, and crop plants. When cyanotoxin-contaminated waters are used for the irrigation of edible vegetables, humans can be in contact with these toxins through the food chain. In this work, a method for the simultaneous detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), Microcystin-RR (MC-RR), Microcystin-YR (MC-YR), and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in lettuce has been optimized and validated, using a dual solid phase extraction (SPE) system for toxin extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for analysis.

Uptake and effects of the antimicrobial florfenicol, microplastics and their mixtures on freshwater exotic invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea.

Microplastics and antimicrobials are widely spread environmental contaminants and more research on their toxicity is needed. The uptake and effects of the antimicrobial florfenicol, microplastics, and their mixtures on Corbicula fluminea were investigated. Bivalves were exposed for 96h to florfenicol (1.

A facile method to prepare translucent anatase thin films in monolithic structures for gas stream purification.

In the present work, a facile method to prepare translucent anatase thin films on cellulose acetate monolithic (CAM) structures was developed. A simple sol-gel method was applied to synthesize photoactive TiO anatase nanoparticles using tetra-n-butyl titanium as precursor. The immobilization of the photocatalyst on CAM structures was performed by a simple dip-coating method.

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins.

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.