Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior commissure with special emphasis on the anterior limb: a comparative white matter fiber microdissection and tractography study.

The anterior commissure (AC) has an anterior and posterior limb. Despite comprehensive information about the posterior limb, there is limited and conflicting information about the anterior limb in the literature. We aimed to show the anatomical relationships of the AC with neighboring structures by using white matter microdissection and magnetic resonance (MR) tractography, primarily on the anterior limb of the AC.

Direct Effects of Polyploidization on Floral Scent.

Polyploidy is an important driver of the evolution and diversification of flowering plants. Several studies have shown that established polyploids differ from diploids in floral morphological traits and that polyploidization directly affects these traits. However, for floral scent, which is key to many plant-pollinator interactions, only a few studies have quantified differences between established cytotypes, and the direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent are not yet known.

Poor fracture alignment equals poor outcome? Analysis of conservatively managed distal radius fractures.

Purpose: The NOM (non-operative management) of distal radius fractures (DRF) is influenced by various factors. This study seeks to determine whether poor fracture alignment correlates with poor outcome.

Methods: Over a period of three years, a study was conducted on conservatively treated DRF involving 127 patients, 104 women (81.

Impact of diabetes on outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular events as compared to non-diabetic patients. This analysis investigated outcomes of diabetic patients presenting with multivessel disease (MVD) and STEMI in a contemporary trial and the relevance of an immediate versus staged multivessel PCI strategy in this high-risk population.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the MULTISTARS AMI trial were stratified according to the presence/absence of diabetes.

Thermotolerant yeasts promoting climate-resilient bioproduction.

The growing challenges posed by global warming and the demand for sustainable food and feed resources underscore the need for robust microbial platforms in bioprocessing. Thermotolerant yeasts have emerged as promising candidates due to their ability to thrive at elevated temperatures and other industrially relevant stresses. This review examines the industrial potential of thermotolerant yeasts in the context of climate change, emphasizing how their resilience can lead to more energy-efficient and cost-effective bioprocesses.

Efficient, Hierarchical, and Object-Oriented Electronic Structure Interfaces for Direct Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations.

We present a novel, flexible framework for electronic structure interfaces designed for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, implemented in Python 3 using concepts of object-oriented programming. This framework streamlines the development of new interfaces by providing a reusable and extendable code base. It supports the computation of energies, gradients, various couplings─like spin-orbit couplings, nonadiabatic couplings, and transition dipole moments─and other properties for an arbitrary number of states with any multiplicities and charges.

A New Family of Ternary Intermetallic Compounds with Dualistic Atomic Ordering - The ZIP Phases.

A new family of nanostructured ternary intermetallic compounds - named the ZIP phases - is introduced in this work. The ZIP phases exhibit dualistic atomic ordering, i.e.

Antifungal Prescribing in European Pediatric Intensive Care Units: Results of a multinational 3-month weekly point-prevalence survey.

Background: Critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the PICU are highly vulnerable to infections, including invasive fungal diseases and antifungal agents are frequently prescribed. Little is known about antifungal usage in PICUs across Europe.

Methods: A multinational 3-month weekly point-prevalence study for measuring antifungal drug use was organized.

Models of care for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: In order to improve the outcomes of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), access to and quality of comprehensive acute and chronic care services in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) must be improved.

Objectives: To identify and summarise the characteristics of models of care for T1DM in children and adolescents in LMIC.

Search Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Index Medicus from inception to 11 December 2023 without restrictions.

Indication for biologics in a real-world cohort of dupilumab treated chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients according to international recommendations: evidence from the European CRS Outcome Registry (CHRINOSOR).

Background: Criteria for biologic treatment of uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) differ across international recommendations and prescription of biologics depends on national reimbursement criteria. CHRINOSOR offers an opportunity to analyse biologic indications in the real-world setting according to international recommendations.

Methods: CRSwNP patients who received dupilumab treatment in the ENT clinic of 6 tertiary centres (5 countries) were included.

Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of atrial functional mitral regurgitation: An expert opinion paper.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is an increasingly recognized subtype of mitral regurgitation, characterized by left atrial remodelling and mitral annular dilation in the absence of primary mitral valve disease or left ventricular dysfunction. Closely linked to chronic atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, AFMR is associated with poor clinical outcomes and represents a growing therapeutic challenge. This expert opinion paper summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management strategies, including medical therapy and emerging data supporting surgical and transcatheter interventions in selected patients.

Environmental Stresses Constrain Soil Microbial Community Functions by Regulating Deterministic Assembly and Niche Width.

Increasing evidence indicates that the loss of soil microbial α-diversity triggered by environmental stress negatively impacts microbial functions; however, the effects of microbial α-diversity on community functions under environmental stress are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the changes in bacterial and fungal α- diversity along gradients of five natural stressors (temperature, precipitation, plant diversity, soil organic C and pH) across 45 grasslands in China and evaluated their connection with microbial functional traits. By quantifying the five environmental stresses into an integrated stress index, we found that the bacterial and fungal α-diversity declined under high environmental stress across three soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm).

Multiyear Drought Strengthens Positive and Negative Functional Diversity Effects on Tree Growth Response.

Mixed-species forests are proposed to enhance tree resistance and resilience to drought. However, growing evidence shows that tree species richness does not consistently improve tree growth responses to drought. The underlying mechanisms remain uncertain, especially under unprecedented multiyear droughts.

Urinary catheters: state of the art and future perspectives - a narrative review.

Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most frequent healthcare associated infection, arising from microbial adhesion to catheter surfaces, biofilm development, and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Many publications have addressed CAUTI epidemiology, biofilm biology, or biomaterials for catheters in isolation, yet there is little literature that connects these areas into a coherent translational perspective. This review seeks to fill that gap by combining an overview of biofilm pathophysiology with recent advances in material based innovations for catheter design, including nanostructured and responsive coatings, sensor enabled systems, additive manufacturing, and three dimensional printing.

Correction: Tuning the spontaneous emission of CdTe quantum dots with hybrid silicon-gold nanogaps.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D5RA04583E.].

Investigating metal distribution patterns in pristine and ocean-weathered plastics using LA-ICP-TOFMS.

Plastic pollution in marine environments poses ecological risks, in part because plastic debris can release hazardous substances, such as metal-based additives. While microplastics have received considerable attention as vectors of contaminants, less is known about larger macroplastics and their role in the spatial and temporal redistribution of substances. In this study, pristine, store-bought plastic items and macroplastics recovered from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) were analysed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify polymer types, and bulk acid digestion followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for total metal quantification.

The role of spatial perception in auditory looming bias: neurobehavioral evidence from impossible ears.

Introduction: Spatial hearing enables both voluntary localization of sound sources and automatic monitoring of the surroundings. The auditory looming bias (ALB), characterized by the prioritized processing of approaching (looming) sounds over receding ones, is thought to serve as an early hazard detection mechanism. The bias could theoretically reflect an adaptation to the low-level acoustic properties of approaching sounds, or alternatively necessitate the sound to be localizable in space.

Anemia and iron deficiency in post-kidney transplantation: an unsolved challenge.

Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are common and significant complications in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) that can affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and outcomes. Current anemia guidelines equate the post-transplant situation with the anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-transplanted persons, not acknowledging relevant differences ranging from pathophysiology to clinical manifestation. Nephrologists caring for these patients tend to pay less attention to post-transplant anemia (PTA) and ID than in non-transplanted persons with CKD.

A tablet-based intervention study to alleviate cognitive and psychological symptoms in patients with post-Covid-19 condition.

Background: Cognitive impairment and psychological complaints are among the most common consequences for patients suffering from Post-Covid-19 condition (PCC). As there are limited training options available, this study examined a longitudinal tablet-based training program addressing cognitive and psychological symptoms.

Methods: Forty individuals aged between 36 and 71 years ( = 49.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment for the active substance pinoxaden in light of confirmatory data submitted.

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Austria, for the pesticide active substance pinoxaden are reported. The context of the peer review was that requested by the European Commission following the submission and evaluation of confirmatory information in the areas of environmental fate, mammalian toxicology and residues. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of pinoxaden as a herbicide in winter and spring cereals.

Approaches to stereoselective 1,1'-glycosylation.

Nonreducing disaccharides are prevalent in non-mammalian glycans and glycolipids, serving as pivotal structural components in mycobacterial glycans, microbial oligosaccharide and nucleoside antibiotics, as well as biologically active mimetics of bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As integral components of PAMPs, 1,1'-linked disaccharide-containing biomolecules play important roles in host-pathogen interactions, cellular signaling, and pathogenesis. Accessing complex biomolecules containing nonreducing disaccharides is often hindered by difficulties in isolating them from natural sources, which can result in impure or degraded products, particularly when sensitive functional groups are involved.

Avalanche transceiver search times during avalanche companion rescue - A prospective randomized single-blinded cross-over simulation study.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of voice navigation in a new generation of transceivers on the time and success rate of transceiver search in a simulated avalanche rescue scenario.

Methods: Fifty participants performed two randomized test runs, using two different transmitters with and without voice navigation. Primary outcome was success rate, total transceiver search and total location time, secondary outcome parameters comprised predefined time intervals (coarse search time, fine search time, probing time) and deviations from the recommended standard search procedure.

Femtosecond-Laser-Assisted Liquid-Interface vs Vacuum-Trephine Keratoplasty: A Comparison of 2 Different Techniques - Retrospective Data Analysis.

Purpose: To compare postoperative astigmatism and visual acuity (VA) outcomes in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using a liquid-interface femtosecond laser (LI-fs) trephination and a conventional vacuum-trephine (VT) technique.

Methods: Our single-center, retrospective data analysis included 121 eyes (121 patients) treated between April 2014 and November 2022. Patients received PK either with a LI-fs or a VT system.