Digital Health in Low-Resource Settings: Comprehensive Challenges and Opportunities With a Focus on Stroke Care.

The global transition to digital health offers a critical opportunity to transform health care delivery, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Stroke care exemplifies the need for timely, coordinated, and longitudinal management across health systems. Although substantial progress has been achieved, low- and middle-income countries continue to encounter persistent challenges, including infrastructural deficiencies, digital inequity, fragmented governance structures, and limitations within the health care workforce.

Oxidative stability and molecular degradation of aviation fuels characterized by Raman spectroscopy.

The increase in the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) is essential to promote the decarbonisation of the aviation sector by 2050. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used as a tool to investigate structural changes in samples of JET A-1, Farnesane, and a 10 % Farnesane blend with JET A-1(designated FarnJET10), exposed to an oxidative atmosphere for 3, 24, and 48 h. The results show that JET A-1 exhibits higher oxidative stability, while Farnesane is prone to degradation, with a rapid decrease in vibrational band intensity across all regions of the spectrum.

COLUMBUS─An Efficient and General Program Package for Ground and Excited State Computations Including Spin-Orbit Couplings and Dynamics.

The COLUMBUS program system provides the tools for performing high-level multireference (MR) computations, including the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method and its multireference averaged quadratic coupled cluster (MR-AQCC) extension, allowing computations on a wide range of fascinating atomic and molecular systems, including the treatment of open-shells and complicated excited state phenomena. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) directly within the MRCI step enables the description of systems containing heavy elements, such as lanthanides and actinides, whose properties are strongly influenced by SOC. Analytic energy gradients and nonadiabatic couplings at the correlated MRCI level provide the foundation for a variety of dynamics studies, giving insight into ultrafast photochemistry.

Effects of Carbon-Based and Organic Nanoparticles in Advanced Dressings for Skin Regeneration: A Review.

Chronic wounds may develop when there is a delay or disturbance in one of the stages of the healing process, presenting challenging financial, clinical, and quality-of-life costs. Therefore, continuous efforts have been made to develop dressings that optimise wound healing. In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionised wound care, enabling the development of innovative materials with high efficiency that positively impact the healing process.

Assessment of tilt and decentration of a 4-point scleral fixated intraocular lens using an innovative digital measurement methodology.

Background: The study underscores the importance of conducting objective measurements of intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration over time to provide evidence of IOL stability. The goals were to validate a new method for measuring tilt and decentration of secondary implants and evaluate the postoperative functional and anatomic outcomes of 4-support IOL scleral fixation.

Methods: This prospective study (7 patients, seven eyes) was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, and Technological Institute of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos, Brazil.

Supervised and unsupervised learning for lung perfusion data segmentation in electrical impedance tomography.

: Effective lung gas exchange relies on the balance between alveolar ventilation and perfusion, which can be disrupted in mechanically ventilated patients. Lung perfusion assessment using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) typically involves a sudden injection of a hypertonic saline solution. The large field of view provided by EIT often results in ambivalent behavior of many voxel waveforms following an indicator injection, where some exhibit indicator kinetics solely through the lungs (pulmonary), while others show passage through both the heart and lungs (hybrid).

A comprehensive rheological study on the influence of ion charge density and valence in ionotropically crosslinked alginate hydrogels for bioprinting.

Alginate hydrogels are extensively utilized as a foundation for bioink formulations due to their facile gelation properties. In this study, the rheological behavior of alginate cross-linked by various biologically relevant ions was systematically investigated, with an emphasis on bioink development for bioprinting applications. While the cross-linking of alginate by calcium (Ca) ions is well-established, this work explored the effects of other divalent alkaline earth ions, including magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), as well as trivalent ions iron (Fe) and lanthanum (La), and the monovalent ion cesium (Cs).

Performance Assessment of Change Detection Based on Robust PCA for Wavelength Resolution SAR Images Using Nonidentical Flight Passes.

One of the main challenges in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) change detection involves using SAR images from different flight passes. Depending on the flight pass, objects have different specular reflections since the radar cross-sections of these objects can be totally different between passes. Then, it is common knowledge that the flight passes must be close to identical for conventional SAR change detection.

Low-lying excited states of linear all- polyenes: the σ-π electron correlation and the description of ionic states.

In this work, the electronic spectra of all- polyenes, from hexatriene to dodecahexaene are investigated. Special attention is given to the challenging description of the ionic 1B+u state. A comprehensive wavefunction analysis of both singlet (2A-g, 1B+u, and 2B-u) and triplet excited states (1A-g and 1B-u) is performed using a range of multireference correlated methods, including multireference configuration interaction with singles and doubles (MR-CISD) including size-extensivity Pople correction (+P), and the multireference averaged quadratic coupled-cluster (MR-AQCC) method.

The line follower robot: a meta-analytic approach.

Line-follower robots represent a critical segment in autonomous robotics, with broad applications ranging from industrial automation to educational tools. This meta-analytic review synthesizes research on line-follower robots, addressing a noticeable gap in the literature where comprehensive analyses are scarce. The review leverages the Theory of the Consolidated Meta-analytic Approach (TEMAC) to systematically explore 287 documents spanning from 2001 to 2024, highlighting key contributions, trends, and gaps in the field.

Image, speech, and ADS-B trajectory datasets for terminal airspace operations.

We introduce TartanAviation, an open-source multi-modal dataset focused on terminal-area airspace operations. TartanAviation provides a holistic view of the airport environment by concurrently collecting image, speech, and ADS-B trajectory data using setups installed inside airport boundaries. The datasets were collected at both towered and non-towered airfields across multiple months to capture diversity in aircraft operations, seasons, aircraft types, and weather conditions.

Ultra-confined plasmons reveal moiré patterns in a twisted bilayer graphene-talc heterostructure.

This work investigates the plasmonic properties of a twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and talc heterostructure. Talc, a naturally occurring phyllosilicate, promotes p-type charging of graphene, supporting high charge mobility and strong interaction between graphene plasmons and talc's phonon polaritons. This interaction results in the formation of surface plasmon-phonon polariton (SP) modes, which are detected using infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) at room temperature.

Sodium persulfate activated by solar radiation to generate sulfate anion radicals for degradation of the insecticide thiamethoxam in water.

The degradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide Thiamethoxam (TMX) by the oxidizing agent sodium persulfate (SP) activated by HO, peracetic acid (PAA), pH, solar radiation, heating and sonication, also using combinations between the activators was evaluated. The optimal dosage of SP in the process was 10 mmol L and at this concentration the oxidants hydrogen peroxide and PAA did not contribute to the increase in TMX degradation even when exposed to solar radiation. Under conditions of greater acidity and exposure to solar radiation, the degradation efficiency of TMX increased and continued for days, even with sample storage in the absence of light.

Risk of crashes among self-employed truck drivers: Prevalence evaluation using fatigue data and machine learning prediction models.

Introduction: Transportation companies have increasingly shifted their workforce from permanent to outsourced roles, a trend that has consequences for self-employed truck drivers. This transition leads to extended working hours, resulting in fatigue and an increased risk of crashes. The present study investigates the factors contributing to fatigue and impairment in truck driving performance while developing a machine learning-based model for predicting the risk of traffic crashes.

Nanocarbons Reinforcement Effect into Polyethylene Nanocomposites: γ-Ray Attenuation Potential and Hardness Improvement by the Taguchi Method.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a light and low-cost polymer widely explored as an excellent barrier material for γ-ray and neutron radiation in situations of high exposure (e.g., aerospace).

Preventing Contamination on Packaged Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Surfaces by Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment.

Recent investigations have demonstrated that opportunistic fungi, such as , are associated with the contamination of implantable devices, biofilm formation, and consequent resistance to antimicrobial treatment. Preventing biofilm formation on implantable device surfaces represents a significant challenge in medicine and dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces, sterilized in an autoclave at 120 °C for 20 min in surgical-grade paper packaging, focusing on their potential to optimize surface physicochemical properties and reduce colonization.

Upcity: Addressing Urban Problems Through an Integrated System.

Current technologies could potentially solve many of the urban problems in today's cities. Many cities already possess cameras, drones, thermometers, pollution air gauges, and other sensors. However, most of these have been designated for use in individual domains within City Hall, creating a maze of individual data domains that cannot connect to each other.

A Novel Approach for Kalman Filter Tuning for Direct and Indirect Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System Integration.

This work presents an innovative approach for tuning the Kalman filter in INS/GNSS integration, combining states from the inertial navigation system (INS) and data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to enhance navigation accuracy. The INS uses measurements from accelerometers and gyroscopes, which are subject to uncertainties in scale factor, misalignment, non-orthogonality, and bias, as well as temporal, thermal, and vibration variations. The GNSS receiver faces challenges such as multipath, temporary signal loss, and susceptibility to high-frequency noise.

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a groundbreaking, non-invasive, and radiation-free imaging technique for continuous, real-time ventilation monitoring. It also has an application in pulmonary perfusion monitoring. EIT quantifies ventilation and perfusion patterns across the lung from the measurement and processing of impedance changes in the thorax.

Optimization and Tradeoff Analysis for Multiple Configurations of Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage Systems in Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Sector.

Bio-energy systems with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) will be essential if countries are to meet the gas emission reduction targets established in the 2015 Paris Agreement. This study seeks to carry out a thermodynamic optimization and analysis of a BECCS technology for a typical Brazilian cogeneration plant. To maximize generated net electrical energy (MWe) and carbon dioxide CO capture (Mt/year), this study evaluated six cogeneration systems integrated with a chemical absorption process using MEA.

Characterizing Complex Spatiotemporal Patterns from Entropy Measures.

In addition to their importance in statistical thermodynamics, probabilistic entropy measurements are crucial for understanding and analyzing complex systems, with diverse applications in time series and one-dimensional profiles. However, extending these methods to two- and three-dimensional data still requires further development. In this study, we present a new method for classifying spatiotemporal processes based on entropy measurements.

Miller Fisher's Rules and Digital Health: The Best of Both Worlds.

Background: Professor Fisher's legacy, defined by meticulous observation, curiosity, and profound knowledge, has established a foundational cornerstone in medical practice. However, the advent of automated algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine raises questions about the applicability of Fisher's principles in this era. Our objective was to propose adaptations to these enduring rules, addressing the challenges and leveraging the opportunities presented by digital health.

Assessment of the musculoskeletal discomfort scale for upper limb among workers in inner Brazil.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders for upper limbs (UL-WMSDs) form a complex of occupational diseases common to many professions worldwide. UL-WMSDs are manifested in most cases by pain, resulting in musculoskeletal discomfort.

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the perception of musculoskeletal discomfort in workers from the interior of the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Bahia through the construction of a scale to assess musculoskeletal discomfort for upper limb.

Imaging the pulmonary vasculature in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a redistribution of regional lung perfusion that impairs gas exchange. While speculative, experimental evidence suggests that perfusion redistribution may contribute to regional inflammation and modify disease progression. Unfortunately, tools to visualize and quantify lung perfusion in patients with ARDS are lacking.