Primary Yolk Sac Tumor of the Stomach in a 2-Year-Old Boy: Case Report on a Rare Site for Extragonadal Malignant Germ Cell Tumor.

Up to one-third of germ cell tumors are extragonadal neoplasms, with yolk sac tumors (YSTs) being the most common malignant histology. This report describes the successful multimodal management of a primary YST of the stomach in a 2-year-old boy. The child presented with melena, and further evaluation revealed a mass lesion in the cardia of the stomach.

Can Chemotherapy Facilitate Less Morbid Surgery in Multicentric Intra-abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor?

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign neoplasm affecting young adults and children. Although often considered benign, its locally aggressive nature and tendency to recur make its management immensely challenging, particularly without robust evidence to guide treatment. Surgical excision offers the best hope for a cure; however, this can lead to significant morbidity and may not always be possible, especially for multicentric diseases.

Plausible mechanism of drug resistance and side-effects of COVID-19 therapeutics: a bottleneck for its eradication.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has turned our world upside down by meddling with our normal lives. While there is no definitive drug against SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs that are already in the market, are being repurposed against it, could now complete long-term as well as all age-specific investigations, and they are successful in saving millions of lives. Nevertheless, side-effects are emergingly seen in the patients undergoing treatment, and ineffectiveness is increasingly found due to the emerging notorious variants of the virus.

Impact of Surgical Timing (Primary, Delayed, or Second Look) on Surgical Morbidity and Outcomes in Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Ovary in Children.

Background: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) are rare in children. Surgery with or without chemotherapy is the primary treatment approach. This study aimed to analyze the impact of primary and delayed surgery on surgical morbidity and outcomes.

Correction: Mukherjee et al. Homo and Heterotypic Cellular Cross-Talk in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Impart Pro-Tumorigenic Properties through Differential Activation of the Notch3 Pathway. 2022, , 3365.

In the original publication [...

Through the Looking Glass: Updated Insights on Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynaecological malignancy and the eighth most prevalent cancer in women, with an abysmal mortality rate of two million worldwide. The existence of multiple overlapping symptoms with other gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynaecological maladies often leads to late-stage diagnosis and extensive extra-ovarian metastasis. Due to the absence of any clear early-stage symptoms, current tools only aid in the diagnosis of advanced-stage patients, wherein the 5-year survival plummets further to less than 30%.

Homo and Heterotypic Cellular Cross-Talk in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Impart Pro-Tumorigenic Properties through Differential Activation of the Notch3 Pathway.

An active fluidic microenvironment governs peritoneal metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but its critical functional/molecular cues are not fully understood. Utilizing co-culture models of NIH3T3 cells (differentially overexpressing Jagged1) and SKOV3 cells expressing a Notch3 luciferase reporter-sensor (SNFT), we showed that incremental expression of Jagged1 led to proportional Notch3 activation in SNFT. With no basal luciferase activity, this system efficiently recorded dose-dependent Notch3 activation by rh-Jag1 peptide and the non-appearance of such induction in co-culture with NIH3T3 cells indicates its sensitivity and specificity.

Factors Influencing Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancers.

Lymph node metastasis is a considerable variable influencing postoperative American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The primary aim of this study was to ascertain the factors predicting nodal metastasis and describe the outcomes in relation to the ATA risk. Patients 18 years or younger operated between December 2005 and December 2019 were analyzed.

Primary Peritoneal Rhabdomyosarcomatosis in a 2-Year-Old Child Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy - Case Report and Review of Literature.

Pediatric peritoneal sarcomatosis is an exceedingly rare entity with unknown incidence. Within these tumors, primary peritoneal rhabdomyosarcoma constitutes a small fraction. Majority of them are probably treated inadequately and have dismal outcomes.

Extensive cavo-atrial and hepatic venous tumor thrombus in a mismanaged retroperitoneal pediatric germ cell tumor: A unique surgical challenge.

Retroperitoneal germ cell tumor with tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) represents a rare phenomenon. Its extension to the hepatic veins (HVs) has not been reported yet. In the present case, a 30-month-old girl had a recurrent retroperitoneal yolk sac tumor with liver metastasis.

Assessment of outcomes of elective cancer surgeries in children during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Retrospective cohort study from a tertiary cancer center in India.

To describe the outcomes of elective cancer surgeries and adverse consequences on the patients and medical staff due to the surgical interventions in children during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.The study included children younger than 15 years who underwent elective cancer surgeries from March 4, 2020 and December 3, 2020.A total of 121 patients (62% male; median age, 3 years) underwent surgery.

Intravascular extension of Wilms tumor: Characteristics of tumor thrombus and their impact on outcomes.

Background: Studies describing intravascular involvement in Wilms tumor have focused on illustrating individual institutional experience and the elements of surgical management. Thrombus characteristics like extent, patterns of regression, and correlation with the surgical findings, intraluminal adhesion, and viable tumor in the thrombus, and patency of the inferior vena cava (IVC) have not been systematically described.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate these thrombus characteristics and explore their impact on the overall outcomes.

Standardizing lymph nodal sampling for Wilms tumor: A feasibility study with outcomes.

Background: Despite being mandated by cooperative groups, omission of nodal sampling is the most frequent protocol deviation in surgery for Wilms tumor. The stations as well as the number of nodes that should be sampled are not clearly defined resulting in a marked variation in practices among surgeons. We propose a systematic method for nodal sampling intending to reduce interoperator variation.

Incidence, treatment, and outcomes of primary and recurrent Non-Wilms renal tumors in children: Report of 109 patients treated at a single institution.

Introduction: Non-Wilms renal tumors represent a compelling subset of childhood renal tumors. However, their relative rarity renders accurate diagnosis, and therapy challenging which in some instance is inferred from their adult counterparts.

Objective: To describe the incidence and analyze the diagnostic challenges, therapies and, outcomes of non-Wilms renal tumors at the largest tertiary cancer centre in India.

Feasibility of Nonanatomical Liver Resection in Diligently Selected Patients with Hepatoblastoma and Comparison of Outcomes with Anatomic Resection.

Introduction:  Treatment guidelines for hepatoblastoma discourage nonanatomic liver resections. However, the evidence for this is inadequate and comes from a study performed almost two decades ago which additionally contained inherent limitations. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and oncologic outcomes of nonanatomic resections (NAR) performed in diligently selected patients and compare the results with anatomic resections (AR).

Limb sparing surgery with vascular reconstruction for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma in infants: A novel solution using allogenic vein graft from the parent.

Surgery continues to remain an integral component of treatment, especially for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma as compared to rhabdomyosarcoma owing to their general insensitivity to chemotherapy. A key determinant of outcomes, particularly for extremity tumors includes complete tumor resection with negative margins; however, a significant limitation for limb salvage surgery is the adherence of sarcomas to vital vascular structures. Hitherto, vascular involvement constituted an adequate reason for amputation.

Feasibility and safety of thoracoabdominal approach in children for resection of upper abdominal neuroblastoma.

Background: A thoracoabdominal incision provides excellent exposure in the upper abdominal region. We present our experience with the use of this approach in children for resection of upper abdominal neuroblastoma.

Methods: Fifty-one of the 106 consecutive patients with abdominal neuroblastoma who underwent tumor resection using the thoracoabdominal approach between June 2006 and May 2011 were selected from the prospective database for this interim analysis.

Large adrenal ganglioneuroma with left inferior vena cava: implications for surgery.

The contemporaneous occurrence of adrenal ganglioneuroma and left-sided inferior vena cava is uncommon and is previously never reported. We present a case wherein the two entities were fortuitously associated on preoperative imaging. This information facilitated successful surgical resection and avoided catastrophic vascular injury.