Aerobic Exercise Training Leads to MASH Resolution as Defined by the MASH Resolution Index.

Purpose: Exercise training is recommended for all patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Whether exercise training improves liver histology independent of body weight loss remains controversial. Given the increasing reliance on non-invasive biomarkers as a surrogate for liver histology, we investigated the relationship between exercise training and improvement in liver histology using the MASH Resolution Index (MASH-RI), a validated composite score of multiple biomarkers, in a post hoc analysis of the NASHFit trial.

Lipid membrane-camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticle for MicroRNA based therapeutic delivery to intestinal epithelial cells.

We have made artificial extracellular vesicles like nanoparticles that contain biologically active Agomir (miRNA mimic)/Antagomir (miRNA inhibitor) adsorbed on magnetic ZnO particles bound by a lipid bilayer membrane from Caco-2 cells (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), which we examined for use as therapeutic nanoparticles or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents to the gut epithelia. Magnetic ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using Manganese doping in both solid-state reaction (SSR) and alkaline aqueous solution methods. The SSR method exhibited ferromagnetic behavior, whereas the alkaline solution method yielded a nanorod-like morphology.

Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Disorders.

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a significant impact on quality of life. Psoriasis affects about 3% of the US population. Psoriasis is caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental triggers.

Investigating the therapeutic efficacy of microcurrent therapy: a narrative review.

Microcurrent (MIC) therapy is a non-invasive, low-intensive electrical modality that remains underutilized despite evidence supporting its therapeutic potential. With applications in chronic pain, wound healing, musculoskeletal injuries, deconditioning, and neuropsychological conditions, MIC offers a pain-free alternative to traditional electrotherapies. This narrative review compiles the current literature on MIC therapy, highlighting its physiological mechanisms, such as promoting cellular repair, modulating inflammation, and reducing pain, without inducing discomfort or muscle fatigue.

"Ignite & engage:" A mixed methods evaluation of a peer-led, school-based substance use prevention program.

Background: Substance use often begins in adolescence, making early identification and prevention essential to avert downstream harms, including substance use disorders. This study evaluated the impact of a peer-led, school-based storytelling program on participating middle- and high school students.

Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey was distributed from 2014 to 2020 to Midwestern middle and high-schoolers who had attended a school-based event, "Ignite & Engage," led by a recovery community organization (RCO).

Childhood Sexual Behavior as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Early Sexual Debut: A Prospective Analysis.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a commonly recognized risk factor for early sexual debut. However, relatively few studies are available that examine the potential mediators of this relationship. One promising marker is a preoccupation with sex and sexual topics as one enters the teenage years; however, sexual behavior observed at age 8 might serve as an even earlier risk indicator for early sexual debut.

The effects of Co-exposure of tobacco smoke with Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene diol epoxide on molecular targets and immune cells in the mouse oral cavity.

Tobacco smoking (TS) is an established etiological factor in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We previously developed a mouse model using a select tobacco carcinogen, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P, and its ultimate carcinogenic metabolite diol-epoxide (DB[a,l]PDE) to induce oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in mice; the molecular characteristics and histological changes observed in the mouse oral cavity mimic those found in human HNSCC. In the present study, using our mouse model, we examined for the first time the co-carcinogenic effects of TS with DB[a,l]PDE on DNA damage, histology, molecular targets, and immune cell regulation.

Competitive adsorption and functional activity of fibrinogen on polyurethane biomaterials surfaces.

An immunological atomic force microscopy technique was used to recognize fibrinogen adsorption and functional activity on polyurethane biomaterial surfaces in the presence of other proteins. The amount of fibrinogen adsorbed on surfaces as recognized by an antifibrinogen polyclonal antibody when in competitive adsorption with human serum albumin (HSA) or human IgG was found to be related to the molar ratio of proteins. A significant decrease in fibrinogen adsorption was observed only when the fraction of smaller proteins reached a threshold value, dependent on smaller protein properties.

Two peas in a pod: retroviral RNA dimers organize Gag-RNA nanoclusters with novel biophysical properties.

The continued effective control of retroviral infection will no doubt require the development of new clinical interventions targeting underexploited areas of retroviral biology such as genome selection and virion assembly. In our previous work, we demonstrated that both the Gag-psi (Ψ) interaction and genomic RNA (gRNA) dimerization each uniquely contribute to the formation, morphology, and stability of RSV Gag-viral RNA (vRNA) biomolecular condensates (BMCs). The present work builds upon those observations, utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to elucidate the nanoscale morphology, resistance to mechanical deformation, and constituent diffusivity of RSV Gag-vRNA BMCs.

Nurse AMIE randomized controlled trial to address symptom management among rural advanced Cancer patients: Addressing malignancies in everyday life.

Background: Assessing and managing symptoms has a survival benefit for patients with advanced cancer. However, rural cancer patients have difficulty accessing services to address symptoms. Technology may offer one solution; however, little work has been done to specifically leverage technology-based solutions to deliver high quality supportive care in rural settings.

Recent Advancements and Best Practices in Supporting Newborn Feeding: A Narrative Review.

Care of the newborn can be complex and very rewarding. The pediatric clinician will face the important challenge of balancing and supporting a family's feeding plan with the health care needs of the newborn and lactating parent. This narrative review focuses on several important topics and provides valuable resources and guidance in the complex care of newborn feeding.

Trends in Malignant and Benign Brain Tumor Incidence and Mobile Phone Use in the U.S. (2000-2021): A SEER-Based Study.

(1) Background: There has been an ongoing concern for several decades that radiofrequencies emitted from mobile phones are related to brain cancer risk. We calculated temporal trends in brain cancer incidence rates in adults and children and compared them to mobile phone subscription data over the same time period. (2) Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER 22) cancer database between 2000 and 2021.

Two Peas in a Pod: Retroviral RNA Dimers Organize Gag-RNA Nanoclusters with Novel Biophysical Properties.

The continued effective control of retroviral infections will no doubt require the development of new clinical interventions targeting underexploited areas of retroviral biology such as genome selection and virion assembly. In our previous work, we demonstrated that both the Gag-psi (Ψ) interaction and genomic RNA (gRNA) dimerization each uniquely contribute to the formation, morphology, and stability of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag-viral RNA (vRNA) biomolecular condensates (BMCs). The present work builds upon those observations, utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to elucidate the nanoscale morphology, resistance to mechanical deformation, and constituent diffusivity of RSV Gag-vRNA BMCs.

Current Modalities in Soft-Tissue Reconstruction and Vascularized Adipose Engineering.

Soft-tissue loss resulting from trauma or oncologic resection is a significant problem worldwide. Surgical reconstruction using adipose tissue has long been the gold-standard solution. However, these surgeries are often highly morbid, not always feasible in patients with insufficient adipose, and can have unpredictable results.

Multi-contaminant removal from synthetic mine-impacted water by permeable reactive barriers under cold conditions.

Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) effectively attenuate multiple groundwater contaminants in temperate climates, but their efficacy remains uncertain in sub(Arctic) climates where cold temperatures inhibit kinetic biogeochemical reactions governing contaminant removal. This study applies bench-scale columns mimicking PRBs, containing varying proportions of zero-valent iron (ZVI), gravel, and wood chips, to treat synthetic mine-impacted water containing nitrate, arsenic, and uranium at low temperatures (5 °C) over 36 weeks. Columns were amended with sodium acetate during weeks 20-33 to stimulate microbial activity.

A Five-Gene Signature for the Prediction of Event-Free Survival of Both Pediatric and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

While adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibit genetic distinctions, investigating their common gene expression program is critical for understanding the fundamental biological mechanisms that drive diverse cellular responses. However, existing gene signatures, predominantly tailored for overall survival (OS), may not adequately forecast event-free survival (EFS). EFS represents the time patients survive without disease recurrence, progression, or further treatment, a crucial metric for evaluating drug efficacy and assessing the clinical benefits of treatment.

Compromised two-start zigzag chromatin folding in immature mouse retina cells driven by irregularly spaced nucleosomes with short DNA linkers.

The formation of condensed heterochromatin is critical for establishing cell-specific transcriptional programs. To reveal structural transitions underlying heterochromatin formation in maturing mouse rod photoreceptors, we apply cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) tomography, AI-assisted denoising, and molecular modeling. We find that chromatin isolated from immature retina cells contains many closely apposed nucleosomes with extremely short or absent nucleosome linkers, which are inconsistent with the typical two-start zigzag chromatin folding.

Therapeutic Advances in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Natural, Semi-Synthetic, and Synthetic Drug Strategies.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with age, marked by progressive memory loss linked to the decline of cholinergic neurons, accumulation of amyloid plaques, and the presence of Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs). Neuropil threads in the brain contribute to amyloidosis and dementia. Despite extensive research, AD's etiology remains unclear, and currently, no promising therapy exists.

ZSeeker: an optimized algorithm for Z-DNA detection in genomic sequences.

Z-deoxyribonucleic acid (Z-DNA) is an alternative left-handed DNA structure with a zigzag-shaped backbone that differs from the right-handed canonical B-DNA helix. Z-DNA has been implicated in various biological processes, including transcription, replication, and DNA repair, and can induce genetic instability. Repetitive sequences of alternating purines and pyrimidines have the potential to adopt Z-DNA structures.

Dose-dependent impact of tixagevimab-cilgavimab as primary prevention against SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals.

Tixagevimab-cilgavimab was available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevention from December 2021 to January 2023, with dosing changes to reflect circulating variants. In a retrospective analysis of 597 immunocompromised individuals, incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was compared between those who did and did not receive tixagevimab-cilgavimab. A proportional hazards regression model with a time-dependent regressor for tixagevimab-cilgavimab dose was applied to assess cumulative doses.

Current challenges and potential opportunities for interception and prevention of head and neck cancer.

Globally, the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has increased over recent decades and is projected to continue to rise, largely driven by increases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), which is linked to HPV infection. HPV infection is also involved in the development of other cancers (anogenital and cervical), and almost 100% of cervical cancer patients are positive for HPV. OPSCC is the most common HPV-associated cancer in men and has exceeded the incidence of cervical cancer cases in women in the USA.