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Article Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality; however, biomarkers predicting its immunotherapy resistance remain scarce. Vascular cell adhesion molecule ()-, an immune cell adhesion mediator, is implicated in tumor progression; however, its prognostic and immunomodulatory roles in GC remain unclear.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed expression and its clinical relevance in GC using RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differential gene analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single-sample GSEA were used to identify the underlying pathways and immune infiltration patterns. Validation was performed via Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic, and immunohistochemical (Human Protein Atlas database) analyses.
Results: expression levels were significantly upregulated in the GC tissues (p < 0.001) and correlated with advanced T stage (p = 0.046), N stage (p = 0.047), and poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.54; p = 0.046). GSEA linked expression to various immune pathways (e.g., interleukin-17 signaling), and single-sample GSEA revealed its positive associations with the Th1, cytotoxic, and CD8 T cell proportions (p < 0.05) and inverse correlation with the Th17 cell proportion. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated VCAM-1 protein levels in the tumors.
Conclusion: is a novel prognostic biomarker driving immunosuppressive microenvironmental remodeling in GC. Furthermore, its dual roles in immune regulation highlight its potential to optimize GC immunotherapy.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414730 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1602929 | DOI Listing |
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