3D Spatial Learning for Adsorption Energy Prediction in Multi-Temporal Solution Systems: The MTSS Data Set and a GCN-Based Network.

Existing methods for adsorption energy prediction primarily focus on individual molecules or static molecular pairs, lacking the capabilities to model the diverse spatial configurations found in complex solution systems. While traditional data sets are static, dynamic systems explore a vast conformational space over time. This paper introduces the Multi-Temporal Solution System (MTSS) data set containing 500,000 temporally resolved configurations (3D atomic coordinates + adsorption energy labels) across five solvents. To address solution-level interactions (solute-solvent/solvent-solvent), we propose SEP-Net─a dual-channel graph network integrating rotational-invariant geometric learning and molecular SMILES embeddings. Experimental validation shows SEP-Net achieves an MAE of 211.02 kJ/mol on known solvents and 507.37 kJ/mol on unseen solvents, surpassing MLP (3827.33 vs 507.37 kJ/mol on ACE solvent). This work establishes new benchmarks in system-level adsorption prediction through geometric deep learning.