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Article Abstract
Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH), an intriguing third-order nonlinear process, not only breaks the limitation of second-order susceptibilities to strengthen the second harmonic (SH) intensity but also imparts metasurfaces with tunability, making them more adaptable and effective in diverse applications. However, attaining a robust nonlinear modulation with EFISH remains a challenge due to the intrinsically weak interactions. In this work, a tunable lithium niobate (LiNbO) metasurface based on a multi-mode Fano mechanism, dubbed Super Fano, is proposed and investigated. Combining the giant confined field and excellent material properties of LiNbO, both SHG conversion and its nonlinear modulation efficiency are boosted. Our LiNbO achieves an EFISH modulation depth of ∼900% per volt. As demonstrated, a nonlinear optical switch with an on-off ratio of ∼ 29 is attained. The Super-Fano-enhanced EFISH metasurface opens up new avenues for the design and construction of on-chip nonlinear optical devices.
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