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Bridged nucleic acids (BNAs) are nucleoside analogues (NAs) in which the 2'-alcohol is linked to the C4'-position on ribose. In oligonucleotide therapeutics (ONTs), BNAs can impart beneficial properties, including enhanced stability, duplex melting temperatures, and tissue half-lives. However, their lengthy syntheses challenge medicinal chemistry efforts and larger-scale production. Here we demonstrate that a wide range of BNAs can be produced with various locking ring sizes and substitution patterns from a common thymine-containing aldol product through cascade cyclization processes. Critically, several clinically relevant BNAs are now made available in as little as 3-5 steps. We expect these strategies will inspire and support medicinal and process chemistry efforts in this critical area for ONTs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202509964 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102206, China.
In-field molecular diagnostics of plant pathogens are critical for crop disease management and precision agriculture, but tools are still lacking. Herein, we present a bioluminescent molecular diagnostic assay capable of detecting viable pathogens directly in minimally processed plant samples, enabling rapid and precise in-field crop disease diagnosis. The assay, called bioluminescent craspase diagnostics (BioCrastics), leverages newly discovered RNA-activated protease of CRISPR (Craspase) with enzymatic luminescence to generate a cascaded amplification, thus bypasses nucleic acid purification and amplification while achieving sub-nanogram sensitivity for fungal pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2025
Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
The analysis of the origin of chromothripsis, catastrophic chromosomal rearrangements, has provided exceptional insights into various aspects of tumor progression and genetic disorders. Findings in chromothripsis have not only enhanced our understanding of genomic instability mechanisms, but also reshaped our views on chromosome mechanics. To date, the major mechanisms of chromothripsis described involve the incorporation of micronuclei into the primary nucleus and telomere crisis through the formation of dicentric chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2025
Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
Cancers are characterized with altered genomes. Sequencing of thousands of cancer genomes has led to the identification of new types of complex genomic rearrangements that generate new chromosomes, known as chromoanagenesis. Chromothripsis is, to-date, the best characterized phenomenon of complex rearrangements, in which a single chromosome pulverization is followed by reassembly of broken DNA fragments in a random manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2025
Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.
A hallmark consequence of errors in mitosis is the generation of aberrant nuclear structures, such as micronuclei and chromosome bridges, which have long been associated with disease like cancer. Groundbreaking recent work showed that whole chromosomes or chromosome segments that transit through such structures can accumulate severe rearrangements and thus contribute to the evolution of complex genetic structural events, collectively called "chromoanagenesis". Despite strong interest in the field of genomic instability, a detailed mechanistic understanding of the choreography of transgenerational events that lead to chromoanagenesis is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2025
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Chromoanagenesis defines a group of highly complex chromosome rearrangements restricted to a single or few chromosomes that are suggested to occur in a single catastrophic event. Several experimental findings have connected chromoanagenesis to the formation of micronuclei, small extranuclear chromatin structures harboring a missegregated chromosome or a chromosome fragment. Experimental evidence points to the intrinsic fragility of the envelope around micronuclei as cause of membrane rupture.
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