Probing the Dominant Motifs within the Hydrophobic Channel Yields Oxadiazole-Containing Diarylpyrimidine Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.

To develop effective non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) with improved antidrug resistance profiles and drug-like properties, a series of novel diarylpyrimidine derivatives targeting the hydrophobic domain of the NNRTI-binding pocket was strategically designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Following structural optimization, (EC = 5.06-54.0 nM) emerged as the most potent inhibitor against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant strains, comparable to ETR (EC = 3.79-51.8 nM). In particular, for Y188L and RES056 mutant strains, (EC = 24.2 nM, RF = 4.79/EC = 54.0 nM, RF = 10.7) showed improved antiresistance profiles versus ETR (EC = 23.4 nM, RF = 6.18/EC = 51.8 nM, RF = 13.7). Molecular simulation studies indicated that the 1,3,4-oxadiazolylpyridine motif was essential for binding to reverse transcriptase. Moreover, exhibited promising pharmacokinetic properties ( = 2.35 h, = 14.4%) and safety (LD < 2000 mg/kg), positioning it as a promising anti-HIV-1 drug candidate.