Enhancing the nutritional value of fava beans: Challenges and emerging strategies for minimization of antinutrients.

Fava beans (Vicia faba) are a nutritionally valuable legume crop with significant environmental benefits. However, their utilization is hindered by antinutrients, which reduce nutrient bioavailability and limit their consumption at levels that optimize health benefits. This review explores recent advancements in minimizing these compounds, discussing the types of antinutrients, their health impacts, and the importance of their reduction. Strategies such as genetic breeding, processing methods, and enzymatic treatments are analyzed for their effectiveness in mitigating antinutrients. Reducing antinutrients can enhance nutrient absorption and benefit human health, while also promoting more efficient use of agricultural resources, thus contributing to sustainable food production. However, it is important to balance this with the preservation of beneficial compounds, which can provide health benefits in moderation. Addressing these challenges through innovative, interdisciplinary strategies is critical for improving the nutritional value of fava beans and ensuring their meaningful contribution to global food security and sustainable agriculture.