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Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been a game-changer for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), significantly boosting their power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 27% in recent years. This breakthrough has garnered unprecedented attention, leading to significant advancements in the design and synthesis of SAM molecules (SAMols). Additionally, SAMs hold significant promise in addressing the lifetime of PSCs and facilitating their commercialization in terms of diversity, flexibility, and multifunctionality. To date, despite the development of numerous types of SAMols, challenges remain in designing and synthesizing optimal SAMols and achieving ultrastable devices that maintain outstanding PCEs. In this review, we systematically present recent advances in the design of SAMols, focusing on representative examples that have been employed in PSCs. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview of various synthetic pathways for these SAMols is provided for screening the most suitable synthesis method for target SAMols. Finally, challenges and potential opportunities for PSCs applications are highlighted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c05601 | DOI Listing |
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September 2025
Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
This study presents a novel carbazole derivative functionalized with hydroxy diphosphonic acid groups (HDPACz) as an efficient annealing-free hole transport layer (HTL) through strong bidentate anchoring to indium tin oxide (ITO). Compared to conventional mono-phosphonic acid counterparts, HDPACz demonstrates superior ITO surface coverage and interfacial dipole, effectively modulating the work function of ITO. Theoretical calculations reveal enhanced adsorption energy (-3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
September 2025
School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
Bifunctional integration of indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and photodetectors (OPDs) faces fundamental challenges because of incompatible interfacial thermodynamics: indoor OPVs require unimpeded charge extraction under low-light conditions (200-1000 lx), whereas OPDs require stringent suppression of noise current. Conventional hole transport layers (HTLs) fail to satisfy these opposing charge-dynamic requirements concurrently with commercial practicality (large-area uniformity, photostability, and cost-effective manufacturability). This study introduces benzene-phosphonic acid (BPA)-a minimalist self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based HTL with a benzene core and phosphonic acid anchoring group-enabling cost-effective synthesis and excellent ITO interfacial properties such as energy alignment, uniform monolayer, and stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; Photo4Chem, Lea 114, 30-133 Cracow, Poland; Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland. Electronic address: joanna
Silatranization, a specialized variant of silanization using silatrane compounds, is emerging as a powerful strategy to functionalize material surfaces. Compared to conventional silane coupling agents, silatranes exhibit remarkable hydrolytic stability and enhanced resistance to self-condensation, enabling controllable, water-independent formation of a polysiloxane self-assembled monolayer. This review critically examines the unique structure of silatranyl cages, emphasizing how the intramolecular N->Si bond and chelate effect modulate the silicon center's reactivity toward hydroxyl-decorated surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637.
Self-assembled thin films respond to external loads via surface instabilities that are critical to their functionality in both biology and technology. Lipid monolayers at the air-liquid interface are one such system. Tunability between out-of-plane buckling (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Application
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hold promise for next-generation photovoltaics but are restricted by suboptimal efficiency and poor long-term stability. In inverted PSC architectures, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely employed as hole-selective layers (HSLs) due to their favorable energy-level alignment and negligible parasitic absorption. However, traditional SAMs often exhibit weak intermolecular interactions, leading to film aggregation, poor interfacial contact, and severe nonradiative recombination.
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