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We accomplish for the first time the two-loop computation of the leading-twist contribution to the pion form factor by employing the effective field theory formalism rigorously. The next-to-next-to-leading-order hard function is determined by evaluating the appropriate five-point QCD amplitude with the modern multiloop technique and by implementing the ultraviolet renormalization and infrared subtractions in the presence of evanescent operators. The yielding two-loop correction to this fundamental quantity turns out to be numerically significant at experimentally accessible momentum transfers. We further demonstrate that the newly computed two-loop QCD correction is highly beneficial for an improved determination of the leading-twist pion distribution amplitude.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/yx51-lc3q | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
August 2025
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, PRISMA, +, Cluster of Excellence and Institut für Kernphysik, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
We determine the low-energy constants f_{0}, L_{4}^{r} and L_{5}^{r} of SU(3) chiral perturbation theory from a lattice QCD calculation of the scalar form factors of the pion with fully controlled systematics. Lattice results are computed on a large set of N_{f}=2+1 gauge ensembles covering four lattice spacings a∈[0.049,0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
June 2025
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Physics Department, Upton, New York 11973, USA and , Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
We propose a novel method to experimentally access the gravitational form factors of the charged pion π^{+} through the Sullivan process in electron-proton scattering. We demonstrate that the cross sections of J/ψ photoproduction and ϕ electroproduction near the respective thresholds are dominated by the gluon gravitational form factor of the pion to next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. We predict cross sections for the Electron-Ion Collider and the Jefferson Lab experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2025
School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
Being closely connected to the origin of the nucleon mass, the gravitational form factors of the nucleon have attracted significant attention in recent years. We present the first model-independent determinations of the gravitational form factors of the pion and nucleon at the physical pion mass, using a data-driven dispersive approach. The so-called "last global unknown property" of the nucleon, the D-term, is determined to be .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRep Prog Phys
July 2025
School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
We develop a method to compute the pion transition form factor directly at arbitrary space-like photon momenta and use it to determine the-pole contribution to the hadronic light-by-light scattering in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The calculation is performed using eight gauge ensembles generated with 2+1 flavor domain wall fermions, incorporating multiple pion masses, lattice spacings, and volumes. By introducing a pion structure function and performing a Gegenbauer expansion, we demonstrate that about 98% of the-pole contribution can be extracted in a model-independent manner, thereby ensuring that systematic effects are well controlled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2025
TransVIHMI, Université de Montpellier, INSERM Unité 1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
Individuals with high Loa loa microfilarial densities (MFD) risk serious adverse events (SAEs) following ivermectin treatment. A single dose of levamisole (LEV) induces a temporary, progressive MFD decrease. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of 3-day and 5-day LEV regimens for the treatment of loiasis in the Republic of the Congo.
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