Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium: Optimization of ultrafiltration isolation and anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Chrysanthemum morifolium (Huangshan Gongju) crude polysaccharide (PCMC) has attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to optimize its purification and concentration process using ultrafiltration technology, which was used to purify and concentrate the bio-macromolecular solutes. Employing PCM-C as the rough material, single-factor trials and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to estimate the effects of pressure, temperature and concentration for ultrafiltration on membrane fluxes. The built regression model was obviously typical, and the optimum conditions of ultrafiltration isolation were obtained as follows: 0.27 MPa, 51°Cand material concentration of 2.9 mg/mL. A membrane flux of PCM-C solution attained 39.26 ± 0.1 L/m·h at the optimum condition. Two polysaccharides (PCM-I and PCM-II) obtained from ultrafiltration isolation. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy properties of PCMs (including PCMC, PCM-I and PCM-II) ascertained the significant absorption peaks of polysaccharides. The SEM images of PCMs microstructure illustrated typical properties of amorphous powders. The anti-oxidant activity of PCMs contained DPPH scavenging radicals, hydroxyl radicals, ABTS scavenging radicals and reducing power discovered that PCM-II possessed the maximal anti-oxidant capacity values for 76.8 %, 89.6 %, 78.3 % and 77.2 %, respectively. Furthermore, PCM-I inhibited expression of inflammation-related genes for NO release at lower concentration of 25 μg/mL, IL - 1β and IL-6 expression levels of 87.78 % and 52.17 %, and TNF-α expression level of 33.02 %, which showed that PCM-I had relatively stronger anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 cell growth. Thus, the outcomes exhibited that PCM-I could serve as the potential bio-functional component for the pharmaceutical and food industry.