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Art-based interventions have been shown to enhance communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their impact on prefrontal hemodynamics remains unclear. This study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine hemoglobin oxygenation (HbO) changes in the prefrontal cortex of school-age children with ASD, providing empirical support for its therapeutic efficacy. Sixty age-matched children participated in a 9-week art therapy program, including twenty ASD children and forty typically developing peers. Assessments included self-portrait drawing (SPD), the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS), and the General Quality of Life Inventory (GQOL-74). In addition, we performed fNIRS measurements in the ASD participants and observed changes in prefrontal HbO at rest and while drawing. The drawing intervention significantly enhanced drawing ability, emotional expression, and cognitive skills, with the intervention group outperforming the controls. ASD participants exhibited distinct prefrontal connectivity patterns with visual, motor, and language-related regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye field, and Broca's area. Task-based painting interventions indirectly influenced the frontal lobe's hemodynamic characteristics, indicating drawing intervention as an effective intervention for ASD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050438 | DOI Listing |
J Prof Nurs
September 2025
York College of Pennsylvania, 441 County Club Road, York, PA 17403, United States of America. Electronic address:
Background: Despite decades of initiatives to increase nursing workforce diversity, gaps persist between patient population and nursing workforce demographics.
Problem: Emphasis on NCLEX pass rates as a program quality indicator, combined with systemic barriers, creates complex challenges that influence admission and progression policies in nursing education. Evidence suggests these factors disproportionately affect underrepresented minority (URM) students, impacting both academic success and workforce diversity.
Acta Psychol (Amst)
September 2025
Minnan Normal University, China. Electronic address:
In the context of China's collectivist culture, this study examines how parental educational support influences the academic self-efficacy of middle school students (ages 13-16) in Fujian Province. Drawing on ecological systems theory, achievement emotion theory, and self-determination theory, the research situates parental support within the microsystem, teacher support in the mesosystem, and enjoyment as an achievement emotion bridging external support and students' internal beliefs. A dual-mediation model was tested using structural equation modeling with data from 507 students.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
August 2025
Centre for Gender Research, Uppsala University, Sweden. Electronic address:
The use of donor eggs, sperm and embryos in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) provide new possibilities for reproductive assistance and family-making. In clinical practice, it also brings to light questions of responsibility and ethical conduct. Despite this, fertility practitioners' reasoning in clinical decision-making remains surprisingly understudied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk Anal
September 2025
Edward J. Bloustein School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
This AI-assisted review article offers a dual review: a book review of Living with Risk in the Late Roman World by Cam Grey, and a critical review of the current potential of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT's DeepResearch mode, to assist in thoughtful and scholarly book reviewing within risk science. Grey's book presents an innovative reconstruction of how communities in the late Roman Empire perceived and adapted to chronic environmental and societal risks, emphasizing spatial variability, cultural interpretation, and the normalization of uncertainty. Drawing on commentary from a human reviewer and a parallel AI-assisted analysis, we compare the distinct strengths and limitations of each approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Epidemiol
September 2025
Health Evidence Synthesis, Recommendations and Impact, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Background And Objectives: Evidence syntheses systematically compile and analyze information from multiple sources to support health care decision making. As many different types of questions need to be answered in health care, different evidence synthesis types have emerged. In this article, we introduce the most common types of evidence synthesis.
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