PEG-Mediated Protoplast Transformation of (scaumcx01): Metabolomic Shifts and Root Colonization Dynamics.

J Fungi (Basel)

Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern EcoAgriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural Unive

Published: May 2025


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Article Abstract

Protoplast-based transformation is a vital tool for genetic studies in fungi, yet no protoplast method existed for -scaumcx01 before this study. Here, we optimized protoplast isolation, regeneration, and transformation efficiency. The highest protoplast yield (6.72 × 10 cells/mL) was obtained from liquid mycelium after 12 h of enzymatic digestion at 28 °C using Lysing Enzymes, Yatalase, cellulase, and pectinase. Among osmotic stabilizers, 1 M MgSO yielded the most viable protoplasts. Regeneration occurred via direct mycelial outgrowth and new protoplast formation, with a 1.02% regeneration rate. PEG-mediated transformation with a hygromycin resistance gene and tagging resulted in stable expression in fungal spores and mycelium over five generations. LC/MS-based metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism, indicating lipid-related dynamics influenced by tagging. Microscopy confirmed successful colonization of tomato roots by -tagged scaumcx01, with fluorescence observed in cortical tissues. Enzymatic (cellulase) seed pretreatment enhanced fungal colonization by modifying root surface properties, promoting plant-fungal interaction. This study establishes an efficient protoplast transformation system, reveals the metabolic impacts of genetic modifications, and demonstrates the potential of enzymatic seed treatment for enhancing plant-fungal interactions.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113252PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof11050386DOI Listing

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