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Article Abstract
The co-occurrence of nitrogen (N) and heavy metals (HMs) in industrial wastewater has emerged as a critical environmental challenge. Feammox-mediated N removal remains constrained by limited iron (Fe(III)) bioavailability and microbial susceptibility to HMs toxicity. This study developed a multifunctional composite through strategic integration of sludge-based biochar (SBC), pellet ore (PO), and kelp extract (KE) to overcome these limitations. The optimized bioreactor configuration, leveraging synergistic interactions among three distinct waste-derived resources, achieved exceptional removal efficiencies of 90.1, 96.4, and 93.4% for NH, NO, and COD, respectively. Immobilization mechanisms of HMs involved bio-Fe precipitate adsorption and Fe-EPS-HMs chelation. Microbial community analysis demonstrated selective enrichment of Fe-cycling genera (Geothrix, Zoogloea, and Aquabacterium) and metal-resistant species (Cloacibacterium, Paenibacillus). These advancements establish a sustainable paradigm for industrial wastewater management, while simultaneously addressing critical challenges of resource recovery and waste valorization within circular economy frameworks.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132678 | DOI Listing |
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