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C-N coupling is crucial for constructing amides and amines and involves various fields, including medicine, chemical industries, agriculture, and energy. With the rapid development of electrocatalytic C-N coupling and the continuous improvement of catalytic performance, this field has aroused extensive research interest. A comprehensive review is urgently needed to summarize the structure-activity relationship, key challenges, and future development directions. This review provides a concise overview of the recent advancements from nanocatalysis to single metal site catalysis for electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions. We summarize the C-N coupling mechanisms using different nitrogen sources and further analyze the influences of various active metal centers and different coordination environments on the C-N coupling performance, thereby elucidating the structure-activity relationship. Moreover, we discuss the dynamic structural evolution of active metal sites during the reaction. Finally, we present current challenges and perspectives in this field. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of advanced nano/single metal site catalysts for electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions along with a deeper understanding of catalytic mechanisms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c04804 | DOI Listing |
J Org Chem
September 2025
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. Ch
Catalytic C-N coupling reactions are among the most important bond-forming events in synthetic chemistry. Ammonium salts are economic and easily available inorganic compounds, serving as ideal nitrogen sources for nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The use of ammonium salts highlights the synthesis of -containing organic compounds from inorganic compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
September 2025
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
An unprecedented recyclable system of copper-catalyzed C-C/N coupling of isatins and DMSO without any oxidant and acidic/basic additive has been unlocked. The -isatins occur tandem -methylation and C5-methylthiomethylation in order, while -substituted isatins proceed C5-methylthiomethylation only. DMSO serves as Me and MeSCH sources as well as the solvent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China. Electronic address:
Nickel-based catalysts have recently become promising candidates for urea electrolysis. However, their application is hindered by strong interaction with *COO intermediates. Herein, oxyphilic WO is introduced into Ni to construct dual active sites for regulating reaction intermediate adsorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
Using an Earth-abundant transition metal to mediate formation and splitting of C-C σ-bonds, in response to electrical stimuli, constitutes a promising strategy to construct complex organic skeletons. Here, we showcase how [ BuN][N] reacts with an isocyanide adduct of a tetrahedral and high-spin Ti complex, [(Tp )TiCl] (1), to enact N-atom transfer, C-N bond formation, and C-C coupling, to form a dinuclear complex, [(Tp )Ti{AdN(N)C-C(N)NAd}Ti(Tp )] (3), with two Ti ions bridged by a disubstituted oxalimidamide ligand ( Bu = -butyl, Tp = hydrotris(3--butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, Ad = 1-adamantyl). Magnetic and computational studies reveal two magnetically isolated d Ti ions, and electrochemical studies unravel a reversible two-electron oxidation at -0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEuropean J Org Chem
August 2024
Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
We describe the first total syntheses of tabernanthine and ibogaline. Entry to these iboga alkaloid natural products is enabled by a thermal coupling of indoles and aziridines to furnish the requisite nosyl tryptamine starting materials. This route features a Friedel-Crafts type alkylation to form the key indole-isoquinuclidine C-C bond.
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